Amazon.com Services, LLC v. Perplexity AI, Inc.
| AMAZON.COM SERVICES, LLC |
| PERPLEXITY AI, INC. |
| AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION, AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA, KNIGHT FIRST AMENDMENT INSTITUTE - COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, ELECTRONIC FRONTIER FOUNDATION, ALLIANCE FOR RESPONSIBLE DATA COLLECTION, DIGITAL MEDUSA, ELEUTHERAI, SOFTWARE & INFORMATION INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION, NATIONAL RETAIL FEDERATION, DIGITAL CONTENT NEXT, NEWSMEDIA ALLIANCE and AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, INC., d/b/a Airlines for America |
| 26-1444 |
| March 11, 2026 |
| U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit |
| Other Statutory Actions |
Opinions
We have the following opinions for this case:
| Description |
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 AMAZON.COM SERVICES, LLC V. PERPLEXITY AI, INC.
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Docket Report
RSS Track this Docket
This docket was last retrieved on September 10, 2026. A more recent docket listing may be available from PACER.
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Filing 72
CLERK ACTION: Amicus Brief submitted at DE 68 by Digital Content Next is filed. No paper copies are required. [Entered: 09/10/2026 10:49 AM]
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Filing 71
ORDER FILED. Milan D. SMITH, Jr., Eric C. TUNG, John Charles Hinderaker Judges M. Smith and Tung voted to deny the Petition for Rehearing En Banc, and Judge Hinderaker so recommends. The full court was advised of the petition for rehearing en banc, and no judge requested a vote on whether to rehear the matter. Fed. R. App. P. 40. The Petition for Rehearing En Banc is DENIED. The motion for leave to file amicus brief (Dkt. No. 68) is GRANTED. [Entered: 09/10/2026 09:48 AM]
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Filing 70
CLERK ACTION: Amicus Brief submitted at DE 67 by The Software & Information Industry Association is filed. No paper copies are required. [Entered: 08/28/2026 06:40 PM]
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Filing 69
ORDER FILED. The motion for leave to file an amicus brief filed by The Software & Information Industry Association at Docket Entry No. 67 is stricken as unnecessary because all parties have consented to the filing of the brief. See Fed. R. App. P. 29(a)(2). [Entered: 08/28/2026 06:37 PM]
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Filing 68
AMICUS BRIEF and MOTION for leave to file amicus brief filed by Digital Content Next. [Entered: 08/28/2026 04:42 PM]
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Filing 67
AMICUS BRIEF and MOTION for leave to file amicus brief filed by The Software & Information Industry Association.--[COURT UPDATE: motion stricken per order at DE 69] [Entered: 08/28/2026 03:28 PM] [Edited: 08/28/2026 06:39 PM]
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Filing 66
PETITION FOR REHEARING EN BANC filed by Appellee Amazon.com Services, LLC. [Entered: 08/18/2026 12:51 PM]
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Filing 65
TERMINATED participation of Counsel for Appellant Jonathan Hyun Kim, representing Appellant Perplexity AI, Inc.. [Entered: 08/14/2026 04:24 PM]
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Filing 64
NOTICE of Withdrawal as Counsel filed by Jonathan Hyun Kim. Counsel withdrawing on behalf of other attorney(s): No [[-]]. Party proceeding without counsel: No. [-]. [Entered: 08/14/2026 04:20 PM]
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Filing 63
CLERK ACTION: Answering Brief and Excerpts of Record submitted at DE 36, DE 37 by Appellee Amazon.com Services, LLC are filed. No paper copies are required. [Entered: 08/04/2026 10:21 AM]
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Filing 62
CLERK ACTION: Opening Brief and Excerpts of Record submitted at DE 26, DE 27, DE 29 by Appellant Perplexity AI, Inc. are filed. Volume 4 filed UNDER SAL. No paper copies are required. [Entered: 08/04/2026 10:20 AM]
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Filing 61
OPINION (Milan D. SMITH, Jr., Eric C. TUNG, John Charles Hinderaker) Because Amazon is unlikely to succeed on the merits of the access prong of the CFAA and CDAFA analysis and the equitable factors do not otherwise strongly favor an injunction, we VACATE the preliminary injunction granted by the district court and REMAND for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. Perplexitys motion to file documents under seal, Dkt. 28, is GRANTED. Opinion by Judge Milan D. Smith, Jr.. FILED AND ENTERED JUDGMENT. [Entered: 08/04/2026 09:03 AM]
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Filing 60
ARGUED AND SUBMITTED to Milan D. SMITH, Jr., Eric C. TUNG, John Charles Hinderaker. Audio and video recordings of the argument are available on the courts website at #https://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/media/. [Entered: 06/11/2026 03:12 PM]
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Filing 59
ACKNOWLEDGMENT of hearing notice filed by Hagan Scotten for Appellee Amazon.com Services, LLC. Hearing in Seattle - Courtroom 2 in Seattle, on 6/11/2026 9:30:00 AM. Filer argument time: By myself. (Argument minutes: [-]). Special accommodations: No. Filer admission status: I certify that I am admitted to practice before this Court. [Court Update to Correct Argument Date and Time] [Entered: 05/13/2026 02:42 PM] [Edited: 05/13/2026 03:00 PM]
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Filing 58
ACKNOWLEDGMENT of hearing notice filed by Christopher Michel for Appellant Perplexity AI, Inc.. Hearing in Seattle - Courtroom 2 in Seattle, on 6/11/2026 9:30:00 AM. Filer argument time: By myself. (Argument minutes: [-]). Special accommodations: No. Filer admission status: I certify that I am admitted to practice before this Court. [Court Update to Correct Argument Date and Time] [Entered: 05/13/2026 02:12 PM] [Edited: 05/13/2026 02:27 PM]
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Filing 57
CLERK ACTION: Reply Brief submitted at DE 56 by Appellant Perplexity AI, Inc. is filed. No paper copies are required. [Entered: 05/07/2026 05:12 PM]
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Filing 56
REPLY BRIEF submitted for filing by Appellant Perplexity AI, Inc.. [Entered: 05/06/2026 06:07 PM]
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Filing 55
CLERK ACTION: Amicus Brief submitted at DE 38 by Air Transport Association of America, Inc. d/b/a Airlines for America is filed. No paper copies are required. [Entered: 04/30/2026 03:55 PM]
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Filing 54
ADDED Amicus Curiae Air Transport Association of America, Inc. d/b/a Airlines for America. [Entered: 04/30/2026 03:53 PM]
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Filing 53
CLERK ACTION: Amicus Brief submitted at DE 49 by News/Media Alliance is filed. No paper copies are required. [Entered: 04/30/2026 12:09 PM]
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Filing 52
CLERK ACTION: Amicus Brief submitted at DE 47 by Digital Content Next is filed. No paper copies are required. [Entered: 04/30/2026 12:08 PM]
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Filing 51
ADDED Amici Curiae Digital Content Next, NewsMedia Alliance; Counsel for Amici Curiae: Karl Huth, Michael S. Elkin. [Entered: 04/30/2026 12:08 PM]
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Filing 50
ADDED Counsel for Amicus Curiae Alexandra Perloff-Giles [Entered: 04/30/2026 11:09 AM]
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Filing 49
AMICUS BRIEF by government or with consent submitted for filing by News/Media Alliance. [Entered: 04/29/2026 07:49 PM]
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Filing 48
NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Alexandra Perloff-Giles for Amicus Curiae National Retail Federation. [Entered: 04/29/2026 07:40 PM]
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Filing 47
AMICUS BRIEF by government or with consent submitted for filing by Digital Content Next. [Entered: 04/29/2026 07:40 PM]
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Filing 46
DISCLOSURE STATEMENT pursuant to FRAP 26.1 and CR 26.1-1 filed by Amicus Curiae National Retail Federation. [Entered: 04/29/2026 07:23 PM]
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Filing 45
CLERK ACTION: Amicus Brief submitted at DE 43 by National Retail Federation is filed. No paper copies are required. [Entered: 04/29/2026 04:47 PM]
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Filing 44
ADDED Amicus Curiae National Retail Federation. [Entered: 04/29/2026 04:46 PM]
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Filing 43
AMICUS BRIEF by government or with consent submitted for filing by National Retail Federation.--[COURT UPDATE: Corrected PDF attached as of 4/29/2026, REPLACING original attachment] [Entered: 04/29/2026 03:41 PM] [Edited: 04/29/2026 04:44 PM]
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Filing 42
CLERK ACTION: Amicus Brief submitted at DE 40 by The Software & Information Industry Association is filed. No paper copies are required. [Entered: 04/29/2026 03:28 PM]
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Filing 41
ADDED Amicus Curiae Software & Information Industry Association. [Entered: 04/29/2026 03:22 PM]
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Filing 40
AMICUS BRIEF by government or with consent submitted for filing by on behalf of The Software & Information Industry Association ISO Plaintiff-Appellee and Affirmance. [Entered: 04/29/2026 01:53 PM]
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Filing 39
DEFECTIVE --- AMICUS BRIEF by government or with consent submitted for filing by Air Transport Association of America, Inc. d/b/a Airlines for America. (Duplicate of DE 38) [Entered: 04/29/2026 01:28 PM] [Edited: 04/30/2026 02:39 PM]
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Filing 38
AMICUS BRIEF by government or with consent submitted for filing by Air Transport Association of America, Inc. d/b/a Airlines for America.--[COURT UPDATE: Corrected PDF attached as of 4/30/2026, REPLACING original attachment] [Entered: 04/29/2026 01:25 PM] [Edited: 04/30/2026 02:38 PM]
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Filing 37
EXCERPTS OF RECORD submitted for filing by Appellee Amazon.com Services, LLC. [Entered: 04/22/2026 12:57 PM]
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Filing 36
ANSWERING BRIEF submitted for filing by Appellee Amazon.com Services, LLC. [Entered: 04/22/2026 12:51 PM]
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Filing 35
NOTICE OF ORAL ARGUMENT on Thursday, June 11, 2026 - 09:30 A.M. - SE 7th Flr Courtroom 2 - Scheduled Location: Seattle WA View the Oral Argument Calendar for your case #here. NOTE: Although your case is currently scheduled for oral argument, the panel may decide to submit the case on the briefs instead. See Fed. R. App. P. 34. Absent further order of the court, if the court does determine that oral argument is required in this case, you are expected to appear in person at the Courthouse. If an in person appearance would pose a hardship, you must file a motion for permission to appear remotely by video, using ACMS filing type Motion to Appear Remotely for Oral Argument. Such a motion must be filed within 7 days of this notice, absent exigent circumstances. Please note that if you do file a motion to appear remotely, the court strongly prefers video over telephone appearance. Therefore, if you wish to appear remotely by telephone you will need to justify that request in your motion and receive explicit permission to do so. Be sure to review the #GUIDELINES for important information about your hearing. If you are the specific attorney or self-represented party who will be arguing, use the ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF HEARING NOTICE filing type in ACMS no later than 28 days before the hearing date. No form or other attachment is required. If you will not be arguing, do not file an acknowledgment of hearing notice. [26-1444] [Entered: 04/09/2026 12:03 PM]
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Filing 34
CLERK ACTION: Amicus Brief submitted at DE 31 by Electronic Frontier Foundation, Alliance for Responsible Data Collection, Mozilla Corporation is filed. No paper copies are required. [Entered: 04/08/2026 06:50 PM]
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Filing 33
CLERK ACTION: Amicus Brief submitted at DE 30 by ACLU, ACLU of Northern California, Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University is filed. No paper copies are required. [Entered: 04/08/2026 06:50 PM]
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Filing 32
ADDED Amici Curiae American Civil Liberties Union, American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California, Knight First Amendment Institute - Columbia University, Electronic Frontier Foundation, Alliance for Responsible Data Collection, Digital Medusa, EleutherAI; Counsel for Amici Curiae: Esha Bhandari, Corynne McSherry. [Entered: 04/08/2026 06:49 PM]
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Filing 31
AMICUS BRIEF by government or with consent submitted for filing by Electronic Frontier Foundation, Alliance for Responsible Data Collection, Mozilla Corporation. [Entered: 04/08/2026 03:45 PM]
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Filing 30
AMICUS BRIEF by government or with consent submitted for filing by ACLU, ACLU of Northern California, Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University. [Entered: 04/08/2026 02:38 PM]
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Filing 29
EXCERPTS OF RECORD UNDER SEAL, Volume 4 submitted for filing by Appellant Perplexity AI, Inc..--[court entered filing of excerpts submitted at DE 28] [Entered: 04/02/2026 10:36 AM]
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Filing 28
MOTION to File Document Under Seal and Sealed Document Submitted for Filing filed by Appellant Perplexity AI, Inc.. [Entered: 04/01/2026 03:59 PM]
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Filing 27
EXCERPTS OF RECORD submitted for filing by Appellant Perplexity AI, Inc.. [Entered: 04/01/2026 03:42 PM]
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Filing 26
OPENING BRIEF submitted for filing by Appellant Perplexity AI, Inc.. [Entered: 04/01/2026 03:33 PM]
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Filing 25
ADDED Counsel for Appellant Jonathan Hyun Kim [Entered: 03/31/2026 08:55 AM]
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Filing 24
NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Jonathan Hyun Kim for Appellant Perplexity AI, Inc.. [Entered: 03/31/2026 08:51 AM]
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Filing 23
ADDED Counsel for Appellant Lucas Hammill [Entered: 03/31/2026 08:32 AM]
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Filing 22
NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Lucas Hammill for Appellant Perplexity AI, Inc.. [Entered: 03/31/2026 08:19 AM]
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Filing 21
NOTICE OF ORAL ARGUMENT on Thursday, June 11, 2026 - 09:00 A.M. - SE 7th Flr Courtroom 2 - Scheduled Location: Seattle WA View the Oral Argument Calendar for your case #here. NOTE: Although your case is currently scheduled for oral argument, the panel may decide to submit the case on the briefs instead. See Fed. R. App. P. 34. Absent further order of the court, if the court does determine that oral argument is required in this case, you are expected to appear in person at the Courthouse. If an in person appearance would pose a hardship, you must file a motion for permission to appear remotely by video, using ACMS filing type Motion to Appear Remotely for Oral Argument. Such a motion must be filed within 7 days of this notice, absent exigent circumstances. Please note that if you do file a motion to appear remotely, the court strongly prefers video over telephone appearance. Therefore, if you wish to appear remotely by telephone you will need to justify that request in your motion and receive explicit permission to do so. Be sure to review the #GUIDELINES for important information about your hearing. If you are the specific attorney or self-represented party who will be arguing, use the ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF HEARING NOTICE filing type in ACMS no later than 28 days before the hearing date. No form or other attachment is required. If you will not be arguing, do not file an acknowledgment of hearing notice. [26-1444] [Entered: 03/29/2026 05:03 PM]
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Filing 20
DISCLOSURE STATEMENT pursuant to FRAP 26.1 and CR 26.1-1 filed by Appellant Perplexity AI, Inc.. [Entered: 03/24/2026 01:26 PM]
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Filing 19
ORDER FILED. Eric D. MILLER, Patrick J. BUMATAY The motion (Docket Entry No. 14) to stay the district courts March 9, 2026 order is granted. See Nken v. Holder, 556 U.S. 418, 434 (2009) (defining standard for stay pending appeal). This appeal is expedited. The opening brief is due April 1, 2026. The answering brief is due April 22, 2026. The optional reply brief is due 14 days after the answering brief is served. No streamlined extensions of time to file a brief will be approved. See 9th Cir. R. 31-2.2(a)(1). The clerk will place this case on the calendar for June 2026. See 9th Cir. Gen Ord. 3.3(g). [Entered: 03/18/2026 02:35 PM]
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Filing 18
ORDER FILED. Eric D. MILLER, Patrick J. BUMATAY The request for an administrative stay is granted. The district courts March 9, 2026 order is temporarily stayed pending resolution of the motion for a stay pending appeal. See Doe #1 v. Trump, 944 F.3d 1222, 1223 (9th Cir. 2019). [Entered: 03/16/2026 01:55 PM]
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Filing 17
MEDIATION QUESTIONNAIRE filed by Appellant Perplexity AI, Inc.. To submit pertinent confidential information directly to the Circuit Mediators, please email #[email protected] and include the case name and number in the subject line. Confidential submissions may include any information relevant to mediation of the case and settlement potential, including, but not limited to, settlement history, ongoing or potential settlement discussions, non-litigated party related issues, other pending actions, and timing considerations that may impact mediation efforts. [Entered: 03/16/2026 10:17 AM]
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Filing 16
RESPONSE to Motion to Stay Lower Court or Agency Proceedings, Order, or Judgment (DE 14) filed by Appellee Amazon.com Services, LLC. [Entered: 03/16/2026 08:52 AM]
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Filing 15
DISCLOSURE STATEMENT pursuant to FRAP 26.1 and CR 26.1-1 filed by Appellee Amazon.com Services, LLC. [Entered: 03/16/2026 07:22 AM]
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Filing 14
MOTION to Stay Lower Court or Agency Proceedings/Order/Judgment filed by Appellant Perplexity AI, Inc.. --[COURT UPDATE: Updated PDF sort order.] [Entered: 03/12/2026 11:54 PM] [Edited: 03/13/2026 11:46 AM]
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Filing 13
Emergency MOTION Circuit Rule 27-3 Certificate filed by Appellant Perplexity AI, Inc.. [Entered: 03/12/2026 11:25 PM]
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Filing 12
NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Billy Joe McLain for Appellee Amazon.com Services, LLC. [Entered: 03/12/2026 12:11 PM]
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Filing 11
NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Christine Michelle Woodin for Appellee Amazon.com Services, LLC. [Entered: 03/12/2026 12:09 PM]
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Filing 10
NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Hagan Scotten for Appellee Amazon.com Services, LLC. [Entered: 03/12/2026 12:07 PM]
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Filing 9
NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Moez Kaba for Appellee Amazon.com Services, LLC. [Entered: 03/12/2026 12:02 PM]
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Filing 8
NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Renita Sharma for Appellant Perplexity AI, Inc.. [Entered: 03/11/2026 05:21 PM]
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Filing 7
ADDED Counsel for Appellant Christopher Michel [Entered: 03/11/2026 03:45 PM]
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Filing 6
NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Christopher Michel for Appellant Perplexity AI, Inc.. [Entered: 03/11/2026 03:41 PM]
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Filing 5
NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Andrew H. Schapiro for Appellant Perplexity AI, Inc.. [Entered: 03/11/2026 03:28 PM]
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Filing 4
NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Daniel C. Posner for Appellant Perplexity AI, Inc.. [Entered: 03/11/2026 03:20 PM]
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Filing 3
NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by John B. Quinn for Appellant Perplexity AI, Inc.. [Entered: 03/11/2026 03:05 PM]
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Filing 2
PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION SCHEDULE NOTICE. Preliminary Injunction Opening Brief Due (Appellant) 4/8/2026, Mediation Questionnaire due (Appellant) 3/16/2026, Preliminary Injunction Answering Brief Due (Appellee) 5/6/2026. For appeal no. 26-1444, 3:25-cv-09514-MMC.All briefs shall be served and filed pursuant to FRAP 31 and 9th Cir. R. 31-2.1. Failure of the petitioner(s)/appellant(s) to comply with this briefing schedule will result in automatic dismissal of the appeal. See 9th Cir. R. 42-1. [Entered: 03/11/2026 02:20 PM]
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Filing 1
CASE OPENED. A copy of your notice of appeal / petition filed in 3:25-cv-09514-MMC has been received in the Clerk's office of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. The U.S. Court of Appeals docket number 26-1444 has been assigned to this case. All communications with the court must indicate this Court of Appeals docket number. Please carefully review the docket to ensure the name(s) and contact information are correct. It is your responsibility to alert the court if your contact information changes. Resources Available For more information about case processing and to assist you in preparing your brief, please review the Case Opening Information (for #attorneys and #pro se litigants) and review the #Appellate Practice Guide. Attorneys should consider contacting the court's #Appellate Mentoring Program for help with the brief and argument. [Entered: 03/11/2026 02:11 PM]
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