X.AI LLC v. Bonta
| X.AI LLC |
| ROB BONTA, in his official capacity as Attorney General of the State of California |
| CENTER FOR AI AND DIGITAL POLICY, INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR SAFE AND ETHICAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, AI EXPERTS, AMICI IN NO. 26-1591, LEGAL ADVOCATES FOR SAFE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, COALITION OF 28 SCHOLARS AND CIVIL SOCIETY GROUPS, AMICI IN NO. 26-1591, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SCHOLARS, AMICI IN NO. 26-1591, AI COALITION FOR DATA INTEGRITY, JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., OPENORIGINS, INC., NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF VOICE ACTORS, DIGITAL MEDIA LEADERSHIP ALLIANCE, MUSIC ARTISTS COALITION, TRANSPARENCY COALITION, ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL ILLUSTRATORS, AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COLLECTIVE RIGHTS LICENSING, INC., OPEN MARKETS INSTITUTE, KNIGHT FIRST AMENDMENT INSTITUTE - COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, CENTER FOR INVESTIGATIVE REPORTING, INC. and GINA NEFF, Director, on behalf of Minderoo Centre for Technology and Democracy at the University of Cambridge |
| 26-1591 |
| March 17, 2026 |
| U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit |
| Constitutionality of State Statutes |
Docket Report
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| Filing 54 CLERK ACTION: Amicus Brief submitted at DE 36 by Gina Neff, Director, on behalf of Minderoo Centre for Technology and Democracy at the University of Cambridge is filed. No paper copies are required. [Entered: 09/10/2026 03:53 PM] |
| Filing 53 TERMINATED participation of Counsel for Amicus Curiae Stephany S. Kim, representing Amicus Curiae Knight First Amendment Institute - Columbia University. [Entered: 09/10/2026 01:40 PM] |
Filing 52
ORDER FILED. A majority of the judges vote to GRANT the Motion of the Minderoo Centre for Technology and Democracy at the University of Cambridge for Leave to File Amicus Brief. One judge on the panel votes to DENY the motion. Therefore, the Motion of the Minderoo Centre for Technology and Democracy at the University of Cambridge for Leave to File Amicus Brief, filed July 22, 2026, is GRANTED. The Motion for Leave to Withdraw as Counsel for Amicus Brief, filed September 4, 2026, is GRANTED. [Entered: 09/10/2026 01:18 PM]
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| Filing 51 NOTICE OF ORAL ARGUMENT on Wednesday, November 18, 2026 - 09:30 A.M. - Courtroom 1 - Scheduled Location: Pasadena CA View the Oral Argument Calendar for your case #here. NOTE: Although your case is currently scheduled for oral argument, the panel may decide to submit the case on the briefs instead. See Fed. R. App. P. 34. Absent further order of the court, if the court does determine that oral argument is required in this case, you are expected to appear in person at the Courthouse. If an in person appearance would pose a hardship, you must file a motion for permission to appear remotely by video, using ACMS filing type Motion to Appear Remotely for Oral Argument. Such a motion must be filed within 7 days of this notice, absent exigent circumstances. Please note that if you do file a motion to appear remotely, the court strongly prefers video over telephone appearance. Therefore, if you wish to appear remotely by telephone you will need to justify that request in your motion and receive explicit permission to do so. Be sure to review the #GUIDELINES for important information about your hearing. If you are the specific attorney or self-represented party who will be arguing, use the ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF HEARING NOTICE filing type in ACMS no later than 28 days before the hearing date. No form or other attachment is required. If you will not be arguing, do not file an acknowledgment of hearing notice. [26-1591] [Entered: 09/06/2026 12:12 PM] |
| Filing 50 CLERK ACTION: Reply Brief submitted at DE 49 by Appellant X.AI LLC is filed. No paper copies are required. [Entered: 09/04/2026 04:05 PM] |
| Filing 49 REPLY BRIEF submitted for filing by Appellant X.AI LLC. [Entered: 09/04/2026 01:18 PM] |
| Filing 48 MOTION to Withdraw as Counsel filed by Stephany S. Kim for Amicus Curiae Knight First Amendment Institute - Columbia University. [Entered: 09/04/2026 11:55 AM] |
| Filing 47 NOTICE: This case is being considered for an upcoming oral argument calendar in Pasadena. Please review the Pasadena sitting dates for November 2026 and the subsequent sitting month in that location at #https://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/cases/calendar. Absent an irreconcilable conflict, the court expects you to appear and argue your case during one of these two months. If you have an irreconcilable conflict on any of the dates, please consult with opposing counsel to propose an alternate date and/or location and file Form 32 (#https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/uploads/forms/form32.pdf) within 3 business days of this notice using the ACMS filing type Response to Case Being Considered for Oral Argument. Please follow the form's instructions (#https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/uploads/forms/form32instructions.pdf) carefully. If the parties wish to discuss settlement before an argument date is set, they should jointly request referral to the mediation unit by filing a motion within 3 business days of this notice, using the filing type: Motion to Refer to Mediation. You will receive notice that your case has been assigned to a calendar approximately 10 weeks before the scheduled oral argument date. [26-1591] [Entered: 07/30/2026 02:23 PM] |
| Filing 46 ADDED Counsel for Amicus Curiae Xiangnong Wang [Entered: 07/27/2026 09:25 AM] |
| Filing 45 NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Xiangnong Wang for Amicus Curiae Knight First Amendment Institute - Columbia University. [Entered: 07/27/2026 08:58 AM] |
| Filing 44 CLERK ACTION: Amicus Brief submitted at DE 43 by AI Coalition for Data Integrity, et al. is filed. No paper copies are required. [Entered: 07/24/2026 03:23 PM] |
| Filing 42 DISCLOSURE STATEMENT pursuant to FRAP 26.1 and CR 26.1-1 filed by Amicus Curiae AI Coalition for Data Integrity, Amicus Curiae John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Amicus Curiae OpenOrigins, Inc., Amicus Curiae National Association of Voice Actors, Amicus Curiae Digital Media Leadership Alliance, Amicus Curiae Music Artists Coalition, Amicus Curiae Transparency Coalition, Amicus Curiae Association of Medical Illustrators, Amicus Curiae American Society for Collective Rights Licensing, Inc., Amicus Curiae Open Markets Institute. [Entered: 07/24/2026 10:33 AM] |
| Filing 41 TEXT ORDER FILED. The motion (Docket Entry No. 22) for an extension of time to file the reply brief is granted. The optional reply brief is due September 4, 2026. [Entered: 07/23/2026 02:51 PM] |
| Filing 40 ADDED Counsel for Amicus Curiae Jake Karr [Entered: 07/23/2026 12:18 PM] |
| Filing 39 NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Jake Karr for Amicus Curiae Knight First Amendment Institute - Columbia University. [Entered: 07/23/2026 12:08 PM] |
| Filing 38 CLIENT AUTHORIZATION of Law School Representation filed by Amicus Curiae Intellectual Property Scholars, Amici in No. 26-1591. [Entered: 07/23/2026 11:24 AM] |
| Filing 37 CERTIFICATION for Law Student Representation Form filed by Amicus Curiae Intellectual Property Scholars, Amici in No. 26-1591. [Entered: 07/23/2026 11:18 AM] |
| Filing 35 CLERK ACTION: Amicus Brief submitted at DE 30 by The Center for Investigative Reporting is filed. No paper copies are required. [Entered: 07/23/2026 10:57 AM] |
| Filing 34 CLERK ACTION: Amicus Brief submitted at DE 29 by Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University is filed. No paper copies are required. [Entered: 07/23/2026 10:44 AM] |
| Filing 33 CLERK ACTION: Amicus Brief submitted at DE 27 by Intellectual Property Scholars is filed. No paper copies are required. [Entered: 07/23/2026 10:42 AM] |
| Filing 32 CLERK ACTION: Amicus Brief submitted at DE 26 by Legal Advocates for Safe Science and Technology and Coalition of 28 Scholars and Civil Society Groups is filed. No paper copies are required. [Entered: 07/23/2026 10:35 AM] |
| Filing 31 ADDED Amici Curiae Legal Advocates for Safe Science and Technology and Coalition of 28 Scholars and Civil Society Groups, with counsel Jason Harrow; Amicus Curiae Intellectual Property Scholars, with counsel Christopher Morten; Amici Curiae AI Coalition for Data Integrity, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., OpenOrigins, Inc., National Association of Voice Actors, Digital Media Leadership Alliance, Music Artists Coalition, Transparency Coalition, Association of Medical Illustrators, American Society for Collective Rights Licensing, Inc., and Open Markets Institute, with counsel Tod Cohen; Amicus Curiae Knight First Amendment Institute - Columbia University, with counsel Stephany S. Kim; Amicus Curiae Center for Investigative Reporting, Inc., with counsel Diana Victoria Baranetsky; and Amicus Curiae - Pending Gina Neff. [Entered: 07/23/2026 10:30 AM] |
| Filing 43 AMICUS BRIEF by government or with consent submitted for filing by AI Coalition for Data Integrity.--[COURT UPDATE: Backdated entry to original file date] [Entered: 07/24/2026 01:55 PM] [Edited: 07/24/2026 03:20 PM] |
| Filing 36 AMICUS BRIEF and MOTION for leave to file amicus brief filed by Gina Neff, Director, on behalf of Minderoo Centre for Technology and Democracy at the University of Cambridge. [Entered: 07/23/2026 11:00 AM] |
| Filing 30 AMICUS BRIEF by government or with consent submitted for filing by The Center for Investigative Reporting. [Entered: 07/22/2026 07:11 PM] |
| Filing 29 AMICUS BRIEF by government or with consent submitted for filing by Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University. [Entered: 07/22/2026 03:15 PM] |
| Filing 28 DEFECTIVE --- AMICUS BRIEF and MOTION for leave to file amicus brief filed by AI Coalition for Data Integrity.--[Wrong filing type, correct entry is DE 43] [Entered: 07/22/2026 03:02 PM] [Edited: 07/24/2026 03:21 PM] |
| Filing 27 AMICUS BRIEF by government or with consent submitted for filing by AMICI CURIAE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SCHOLARS IN SUPPORT OF APPELLEE. [Entered: 07/22/2026 12:43 PM] |
| Filing 26 AMICUS BRIEF by government or with consent submitted for filing by LEGAL ADVOCATES FOR SAFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY AND COALITION OF 28 SCHOLARS AND CIVIL SOCIETY GROUPS. [Entered: 07/22/2026 11:26 AM] |
| Filing 25 CLERK ACTION: Amicus Brief submitted at DE 23 by Center for AI and Digital Policy, et al. is filed. No paper copies are required. [Entered: 07/21/2026 05:07 PM] |
| Filing 24 ADDED Amici Curiae Center for AI and Digital Policy, International Association for Safe and Ethical Artificial Intelligence, and AI Experts, with counsel Marc Rotenberg. [Entered: 07/21/2026 05:06 PM] |
| Filing 23 AMICUS BRIEF by government or with consent submitted for filing by Center for AI and Digital Policy. [Entered: 07/21/2026 03:36 PM] |
| Filing 22 MOTION to Extend Time to File Brief filed by Appellant X.AI LLC. [Entered: 07/21/2026 02:00 PM] |
| Filing 21 CLERK ACTION: Answering Brief submitted at DE 20 by Appellee Rob Bonta is filed. No paper copies are required. [Entered: 07/15/2026 03:11 PM] |
| Filing 20 ANSWERING BRIEF submitted for filing by Appellee Rob Bonta. [Entered: 07/15/2026 11:35 AM] |
| Filing 19 TEXT ORDER FILED. The motion (Docket Entry No. 18) for an extension of time to file the answering brief is granted. The answering brief is due July 15, 2026. The optional reply brief is due 21 days after the answering brief is served. [Entered: 05/21/2026 10:35 AM] |
| Filing 18 MOTION to Extend Time to File Brief filed by Appellee Rob Bonta. [Entered: 05/19/2026 02:25 PM] |
| Filing 17 CLERK ACTION: Opening Brief and Excerpts of Record submitted at DE 15, DE 16 by Appellant X.AI LLC are filed. No paper copies are required. [Entered: 05/15/2026 10:42 AM] |
| Filing 16 EXCERPTS OF RECORD submitted for filing by Appellant X.AI LLC. [Entered: 05/14/2026 04:39 PM] |
| Filing 15 OPENING BRIEF submitted for filing by Appellant X.AI LLC. [Entered: 05/14/2026 04:38 PM] [Edited: 05/15/2026 10:42 AM] |
| Filing 14 ADDED Counsel for Appellant Ilan Posner [Entered: 04/17/2026 11:21 AM] |
| Filing 13 NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Ilan Posner for Appellant X.AI LLC. [Entered: 04/17/2026 11:14 AM] |
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Filing 12
ORDER FILED. The motion (Docket Entry No. 11) for an extension of time to file the opening brief is granted. The opening brief is due May 14, 2026. The answering brief is due June 15, 2026. The optional reply brief is due 21 days after the answering brief is served [Entered: 04/03/2026 09:53 AM]
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| Filing 11 MOTION to Extend Time to File Brief filed by Appellant X.AI LLC. [Entered: 03/31/2026 09:11 AM] |
| Filing 10 RELEASED FROM MEDIATION (text only). This case is released from the Mediation Program. Counsel are requested to contact the Circuit Mediator should circumstances develop that warrant settlement discussions. [Entered: 03/30/2026 09:31 AM] |
| Filing 9 MEDIATION ORDER: By 3/31/2026, counsel to email Circuit Mediator regarding settlement potential. Include Ninth Circuit case name and number in subject line. This communication will be kept confidential, if requested, and should not be filed with the court. The existing briefing schedule remains in effect. SEE ORDER FOR DETAILS. [Entered: 03/23/2026 02:56 PM] |
| Filing 8 DISCLOSURE STATEMENT pursuant to FRAP 26.1 and CR 26.1-1 filed by Appellant X.AI LLC. [Court entered filing to correct DE 6] [Entered: 03/20/2026 09:12 AM] |
| Filing 7 MEDIATION QUESTIONNAIRE filed by Appellant X.AI LLC. To submit pertinent confidential information directly to the Circuit Mediators, please email #[email protected] and include the case name and number in the subject line. Confidential submissions may include any information relevant to mediation of the case and settlement potential, including, but not limited to, settlement history, ongoing or potential settlement discussions, non-litigated party related issues, other pending actions, and timing considerations that may impact mediation efforts. [Entered: 03/20/2026 07:30 AM] |
| Filing 6 DEFECTIVE --- MEDIATION QUESTIONNAIRE filed by Appellant X.AI LLC. To submit pertinent confidential information directly to the Circuit Mediators, please email #[email protected] and include the case name and number in the subject line. Confidential submissions may include any information relevant to mediation of the case and settlement potential, including, but not limited to, settlement history, ongoing or potential settlement discussions, non-litigated party related issues, other pending actions, and timing considerations that may impact mediation efforts. [Wrong filing type used, corrected in DE 8] [Entered: 03/20/2026 07:29 AM] [Edited: 03/20/2026 09:14 AM] |
| Filing 5 NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Mitchell Keshava Pallaki for Appellant X.AI LLC. [Entered: 03/20/2026 07:27 AM] |
| Filing 4 NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by James Xi for Appellant X.AI LLC. [Entered: 03/20/2026 07:23 AM] |
| Filing 3 NOTICE OF APPEARANCE by Erin E. Murphy for Appellant X.AI LLC. [Entered: 03/20/2026 07:18 AM] |
| Filing 2 PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION SCHEDULE NOTICE. Preliminary Injunction Answering Brief Due (Appellee) 5/12/2026, Preliminary Injunction Opening Brief Due (Appellant) 4/14/2026, Mediation Questionnaire due (Appellant) 3/23/2026. For appeal no. 26-1591, 2:25-cv-12295-JGB-SSC.All briefs shall be served and filed pursuant to FRAP 31 and 9th Cir. R. 31-2.1. Failure of the petitioner(s)/appellant(s) to comply with this briefing schedule will result in automatic dismissal of the appeal. See 9th Cir. R. 42-1. [Entered: 03/17/2026 10:48 AM] |
| Filing 1 CASE OPENED. A copy of your notice of appeal / petition filed in 2:25-cv-12295-JGB-SSC has been received in the Clerk's office of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. The U.S. Court of Appeals docket number 26-1591 has been assigned to this case. All communications with the court must indicate this Court of Appeals docket number. Please carefully review the docket to ensure the name(s) and contact information are correct. It is your responsibility to alert the court if your contact information changes. Resources Available For more information about case processing and to assist you in preparing your brief, please review the Case Opening Information (for #attorneys and #pro se litigants) and review the #Appellate Practice Guide. Attorneys should consider contacting the court's #Appellate Mentoring Program for help with the brief and argument. [Entered: 03/17/2026 10:43 AM] |
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