Mir Rahman Rahmani, et al v. Scott Bessent, et al
Plaintiff: Ozean Horizont Projektentwicklungs GMBH & Co. KG, RG Real Estate Development GMBH & Co. KG, D.C.H. Dream Creators Holdings Limited, RG Holdings Limited, RG Real Estate GMBH & Co. KG, Zem Holdings Ltd, Pyramaxia Real Estate Development GMBH & Co. KG, Ozean Immobilien Projektentwicklung GMBH & Co. KG, Ozean Group GMBH, Nai Europe Energy Gmbh & Co. KG, Ocean Europe CY Limited, Ozean Horizont Bauwerke GMBH, Ozean Baustoffe GMBH & Co. KG, Riseonic Holdings Limited, RG Immoprojekt GMBH & Co. KG, Nai Management GMBH, Ozean Immobilien Projektentwicklung Verwaltungs-GMBH, Pyramaxia Real Estate GMBH & Co. KG, Ozean Horizont Objektplanung GMBH & Co. KG, Mir Rahman Rahmani, Pyramaxia Limited, Buoyant Holdings Limited, Haji Ajmal Rahmani, Pyramaxia Immoprojekt GMBH & Co. KG, Ozean Immobilien Management Gmbh & Co. KG, RG Group FZE, Fern Limited, Ocean Estate Company Limited, Ocean Estate GMBH, Ocean Properties GMBH, Ozean Real Estate GMBH & Co. KG and All Plaintiffs
Defendant: Janet L. Yellen, in her official capacity as the Secretary of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, United States Department of the Treasury, Bradley Smith, in his official capacity as the Director of the United States Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, Antony J. Blinken, in his official capacity as the Secretary of the United States, United States Department of State, Scott Bessent, in his official capacity as the Secretary of the U.S. Department of the Treasury and Marco Rubio, in his official capacity as the Secretary of the United States
Case Number: 24-5279
Filed: December 12, 2024
Court: U.S. Court of Appeals, D.C. Circuit
Nature of Suit: Other Statutory Actions
Docket Report

This docket was last retrieved on January 13, 2025. A more recent docket listing may be available from PACER.

Date Filed Document Text
January 13, 2025 CERTIFICATE AS TO PARTIES, RULINGS AND RELATED CASES [2093875] filed by All Plaintiffs [Service Date: 01/13/2025 ] [24-5279] (Chaisson, Christopher) [Entered: 01/13/2025 08:22 PM]
January 13, 2025 ENTRY OF APPEARANCE [2093873] filed by Christopher M. Chaisson and co-counsel Enayat Qasimi on behalf of Appellant All Plaintiffs. [24-5279] (Chaisson, Christopher) [Entered: 01/13/2025 08:01 PM]
January 13, 2025 DOCKETING STATEMENT [2093876] filed by All Plaintiffs [Service Date: 01/13/2025 ] [24-5279] (Chaisson, Christopher) [Entered: 01/13/2025 08:24 PM]
January 13, 2025 STATEMENT OF INTENT REGARDING APPENDIX DEFERRAL [2093877] filed by All Plaintiffs [Service Date: 01/13/2025 ] Intent: AppxNotDeferred [24-5279] (Chaisson, Christopher) [Entered: 01/13/2025 08:25 PM]
January 13, 2025 TRANSCRIPT STATUS REPORT [2093879] filed by All Plaintiffs [Service Date: 01/13/2025 ]. Status of Transcripts: Final - All transcripts needed for the appeal have been completed and received. [24-5279] (Chaisson, Christopher) [Entered: 01/13/2025 08:32 PM]
January 13, 2025 UNDERLYING DECISION IN CASE [2093880] submitted by All Plaintiffs [Service Date: 01/13/2025 ] [24-5279] (Chaisson, Christopher) [Entered: 01/13/2025 08:33 PM]
January 13, 2025 STATEMENT OF ISSUES [2093883] filed by All Plaintiffs [Service Date: 01/13/2025 ] [24-5279] (Chaisson, Christopher) [Entered: 01/13/2025 08:46 PM]
January 10, 2025 CERTIFICATE AS TO PARTIES, RULINGS AND RELATED CASES [2093287] filed by Antony J. Blinken, DOS, Office of Foreign Assets Control, Bradley Smith, TREA and Janet L. Yellen [Service Date: 01/10/2025 ] [24-5279] (Waldman, Joshua) [Entered: 01/10/2025 09:52 AM]
December 13, 2024 ENTRY OF APPEARANCE [2089459] filed by Joshua Waldman and co-counsel Sharon Swingle on behalf of Appellees Antony J. Blinken, DOS, Office of Foreign Assets Control, Bradley Smith, TREA and Janet L. Yellen. [24-5279] (Waldman, Joshua) [Entered: 12/13/2024 12:20 PM]
December 12, 2024 US CIVIL CASE docketed. [24-5279] [Entered: 12/12/2024 12:03 PM]
December 12, 2024 NOTICE OF APPEAL [2089268] seeking review of a decision by the U.S. District Court in 1:24-cv-00285-RC filed by All Plaintiffs, Buoyant Holdings Limited, D.C.H. Dream Creators Holdings Limited, Fern Limited, Nai Europe Energy Gmbh & Co. KG, Nai Management GMBH, Ocean Estate Company Limited, Ocean Estate GMBH, Ocean Europe CY Limited, Ocean Properties GMBH, Ozean Baustoffe GMBH & Co. KG, Ozean Group GMBH, Ozean Horizont Bauwerke GMBH, Ozean Horizont Objektplanung GMBH & Co. KG, Ozean Horizont Projektentwicklungs GMBH & Co. KG, Ozean Immobilien Management Gmbh & Co. KG, Ozean Immobilien Projektentwicklung GMBH & Co. KG, Ozean Immobilien Projektentwicklung Verwaltungs-GMBH, Ozean Real Estate GMBH & Co. KG, Pyramaxia Immoprojekt GMBH & Co. KG, Pyramaxia Limited, Pyramaxia Real Estate Development GMBH & Co. KG, Pyramaxia Real Estate GMBH & Co. KG, RG Group FZE, RG Holdings Limited, RG Immoprojekt GMBH & Co. KG, RG Real Estate Development GMBH & Co. KG, RG Real Estate GMBH & Co. KG, Haji Ajmal Rahmani, Mir Rahman Rahmani, Riseonic Holdings Limited and Zem Holdings Ltd. Appeal assigned USCA Case Number: 24-5279. [24-5279] [Entered: 12/12/2024 12:06 PM]
December 12, 2024 CLERK'S ORDER [2089271] filed directing party to file initial submissions: APPELLANT docketing statement due 01/13/2025. APPELLANT certificate as to parties due 01/13/2025. APPELLANT statement of issues due 01/13/2025. APPELLANT underlying decision due 01/13/2025. APPELLANT deferred appendix statement due 01/13/2025. APPELLANT entry of appearance due 01/13/2025. APPELLANT transcript status report due 01/13/2025. APPELLANT procedural motions due 01/13/2025. APPELLANT dispositive motions due 01/27/2025; directing party to file initial submissions: APPELLEE certificate as to parties due 01/13/2025. APPELLEE entry of appearance due 01/13/2025. APPELLEE procedural motions due 01/13/2025. APPELLEE dispositive motions due 01/27/2025 [24-5279] [Entered: 12/12/2024 12:07 PM]

Access additional case information on PACER

Access the Case Summary and Docket Report to access additional information about this case on the U.S. Court's PACER system. A subscription to PACER is required.

Search for this case: Mir Rahman Rahmani, et al v. Scott Bessent, et al
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Web [ Unicourt | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Ozean Horizont Projektentwicklungs GMBH & Co. KG
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: RG Real Estate Development GMBH & Co. KG
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: D.C.H. Dream Creators Holdings Limited
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: RG Holdings Limited
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: RG Real Estate GMBH & Co. KG
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Zem Holdings Ltd
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Pyramaxia Real Estate Development GMBH & Co. KG
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Ozean Immobilien Projektentwicklung GMBH & Co. KG
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Ozean Group GMBH
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Nai Europe Energy Gmbh & Co. KG
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Ocean Europe CY Limited
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Ozean Horizont Bauwerke GMBH
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Ozean Baustoffe GMBH & Co. KG
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Riseonic Holdings Limited
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: RG Immoprojekt GMBH & Co. KG
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Nai Management GMBH
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Ozean Immobilien Projektentwicklung Verwaltungs-GMBH
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Pyramaxia Real Estate GMBH & Co. KG
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Ozean Horizont Objektplanung GMBH & Co. KG
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Mir Rahman Rahmani
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Pyramaxia Limited
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Buoyant Holdings Limited
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Haji Ajmal Rahmani
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Pyramaxia Immoprojekt GMBH & Co. KG
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Ozean Immobilien Management Gmbh & Co. KG
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: RG Group FZE
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Fern Limited
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Ocean Estate Company Limited
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Ocean Estate GMBH
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Ocean Properties GMBH
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: Ozean Real Estate GMBH & Co. KG
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Plaintiff: All Plaintiffs
Represented By: Christopher Michael Chaisson
Represented By: Enayat Qasimi
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Defendant: Janet L. Yellen, in her official capacity as the Secretary of the U.S. Department of the Treasury
Represented By: Sharon Swingle
Represented By: Joshua Paul Waldman
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Defendant: United States Department of the Treasury
Represented By: Sharon Swingle
Represented By: Joshua Paul Waldman
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Defendant: Bradley Smith, in his official capacity as the Director of the United States Department of the Treasury
Represented By: Sharon Swingle
Represented By: Joshua Paul Waldman
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Defendant: Office of Foreign Assets Control
Represented By: Sharon Swingle
Represented By: Joshua Paul Waldman
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Defendant: Antony J. Blinken, in his official capacity as the Secretary of the United States
Represented By: Sharon Swingle
Represented By: Joshua Paul Waldman
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Defendant: United States Department of State
Represented By: Sharon Swingle
Represented By: Joshua Paul Waldman
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Defendant: Scott Bessent, in his official capacity as the Secretary of the U.S. Department of the Treasury
Represented By: Sharon Swingle
Represented By: Joshua Paul Waldman
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]
Defendant: Marco Rubio, in his official capacity as the Secretary of the United States
Represented By: Sharon Swingle
Represented By: Joshua Paul Waldman
Search News [ Google News | Marketwatch | Wall Street Journal | Financial Times | New York Times ]
Search Finance [ Google Finance | Yahoo Finance | Hoovers | SEC Edgar Filings ]
Search Web [ Justia Dockets | Legal Web | Google | Bing | Yahoo | Ask ]

Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.


Why Is My Information Online?