Edwards v. Seterus, Inc. et al
Evrol Edwards, Angel Robbio, Miriam Torres, Zelia Couto and Janet Stubbs |
Seterus, Inc., IBM Lender Business Process Services, Inc., QBE Specialty Insurance Company, Praetorian Insurance Company, QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc. and Estate of Adele Levine |
1:2015cv23107 |
August 19, 2015 |
US District Court for the Southern District of Florida |
Miami Office |
Miami-Dade |
Darrin P Gayles |
William C Turnoff |
Contract: Other |
28 U.S.C. § 1332 Diversity |
Both |
Docket Report
This docket was last retrieved on October 10, 2017. A more recent docket listing may be available from PACER.
Document Text |
---|
Filing 109 TRANSCRIPT of the Motion Hearing held on 04/14/17, before Judge Darrin P. Gayles, 1-9 pages, Court Reporter: Stephanie McCarn, 305-523-5518 / Stephanie_McCarn@flsd.uscourts.gov. Transcript may be viewed at the court public terminal or purchased by contacting the Court Reporter/Transcriber before the deadline for Release of Transcript Restriction. After that date it may be obtained through PACER. Redaction Request due 10/31/2017. Redacted Transcript Deadline set for 11/13/2017. Release of Transcript Restriction set for 1/8/2018. (smn) |
Filing 108 PAPERLESS Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Darrin P. Gayles: Final Approval Hearing held on 4/14/2017. Attorneys for both sides present. Court Reporter: Stephanie McCarn, 305-523-5518 / Stephanie_McCarn@flsd.uscourts.gov. (ssd) |
Filing 107 FINAL JUDGMENT Signed by Judge Darrin P. Gayles on 4/14/2017. (lan) |
|
|
|
Filing 103 Statement by Barbara J. Thomas, Williams J. Thomas re #96 MOTION to Compel Discovery (lan) |
Filing 102 Notice of Adoption by Praetorian Insurance Company, QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc., QBE Specialty Insurance Company, Seterus, Inc. Related document: #101 Response/Reply (Other) filed by Janet Stubbs, Miriam Torres, Zelia Couto, Evrol Edwards, Angel Robbio. Attorney Allen Paige Pegg added to party Praetorian Insurance Company(pty:dft), Attorney Allen Paige Pegg added to party QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc.(pty:dft), Attorney Allen Paige Pegg added to party QBE Specialty Insurance Company(pty:dft). (Pegg, Allen) |
Filing 101 RESPONSE - Class Counsel's Response in Opposition to Motion to Intervene by Zelia Couto, Evrol Edwards, Angel Robbio, Janet Stubbs, Miriam Torres. (Attachments: #1 Exhibit A)(Moskowitz, Adam) |
Filing 100 NOTICE by Zelia Couto, Evrol Edwards, Janet Stubbs re #94 Plaintiff's MOTION for Settlement for Final Approval of Class Action Settlement, Application for Service Awards MOTION for Attorney Fees Class Counsel's Application for Attorneys' Fees and Expenses, and Incorporated Memorandum of Law . Attorney Howard Mitchell Bushman added to party Zelia Couto(pty:pla), Attorney Howard Mitchell Bushman added to party Janet Stubbs(pty:pla). (Attachments: #1 Exhibit A) (Bushman, Howard) |
Filing 99 NOTICE by Zelia Couto, Evrol Edwards, Angel Robbio, Janet Stubbs, Miriam Torres re #97 Response/Reply (Other), #91 Response/Reply (Other) PLAINTIFFS' NOTICE REGARDING WITHDRAWAL OF ALL OBJECTIONS TO CLASS ACTION SETTLEMENT. Attorney Lance August Harke added to party Zelia Couto(pty:pla), Attorney Lance August Harke added to party Janet Stubbs(pty:pla). (Harke, Lance) |
Filing 98 RESPONSE in Opposition re #96 MOTION to Compel Discovery filed by Praetorian Insurance Company, QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc., QBE Specialty Insurance Company, Seterus, Inc.. Replies due by 4/5/2017. (Toth, Brian) |
Filing 97 Objection to Settlement Agreement by Catherine S. Strong. (lan) |
Filing 96 MOTION to Compel Discovery by Barbara J. Thomas, Williams J. Thomas. Responses due by 3/28/2017 (pes) |
Filing 95 MOTION to Appear Pro Se, to be Removed from Class, and to Have Access to CM/ECF with Request to Electronically Receive Notices by Williams J. Thomas, Barbara J. Thomas. (pes) |
Filing 94 Plaintiff's MOTION for Settlement for Final Approval of Class Action Settlement, Application for Service Awards, MOTION for Attorney Fees Class Counsel's Application for Attorneys' Fees and Expenses, and Incorporated Memorandum of Law by Zelia Couto, Evrol Edwards, Angel Robbio, Janet Stubbs, Miriam Torres. Responses due by 3/14/2017 (Attachments: #1 Exhibit A, #2 Exhibit B, #3 Exhibit C, #4 Text of Proposed Order)(Moskowitz, Adam) |
|
Filing 92 MOTION For Exclusion from Settlement Class by Estate of Adele Levine. Attorney Jeffrey N. Golant added to party Estate of Adele Levine(pty:dft), Attorney Jeffrey N. Golant added to party Estate of Adele Levine(pty:mov). (Golant, Jeffrey) |
Filing 91 Objection to Settlement Agreement by Caprisha S. Greene. (lan) |
Filing 90 NOTICE by Seterus, Inc. Notice of Filing Declaration of Stephanie J. Fiereck, Esq. on Implementation of CAFA Notice (Attachments: #1 Affidavit Declaration of Stephanie J. Fiereck, Esq. on Implementation of CAFA Notice) (Pegg, Allen) |
Filing 89 NOTICE by Praetorian Insurance Company, QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc., QBE Specialty Insurance Company of Filing Declaration of Stephanie J. Fiereck, Esq., on Implementation of CAFA Notice (Attachments: #1 Declaration) (Toth, Brian) |
|
|
Filing 86 Plaintiff's MOTION for Settlement Motion for Preliminary Approval of Class Action Settlement and for Certification of the Settlement Class by Zelia Couto, Evrol Edwards, Janet Stubbs. Responses due by 11/10/2016 (Attachments: #1 Exhibit A)(Moskowitz, Adam) |
Filing 85 STIPULATION to Allow Filing of THIRD AMENDED CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT by Zelia Couto, Evrol Edwards, Janet Stubbs (Attachments: #1 Exhibit A)(Neary, Robert) |
|
Filing 83 Joint MOTION to Stay Proceedings Pending Settlement Approval by Zelia Couto, Evrol Edwards, Janet Stubbs. Responses due by 10/3/2016 (Attachments: #1 Text of Proposed Order)(Sullivan, Rachel) |
Filing 82 NOTICE of Attorney Appearance by Joseph Gurian on behalf of Janet Stubbs. Attorney Joseph Gurian added to party Janet Stubbs(pty:pla). (Gurian, Joseph) |
Filing 81 STATUS REPORT - JOINT STATUS REPORT by Zelia Couto, Evrol Edwards, Janet Stubbs (Neary, Robert) |
Filing 80 STATUS REPORT - JOINT STATUS REPORT by Zelia Couto, Evrol Edwards, Janet Stubbs (Neary, Robert) |
|
Filing 78 Joint MOTION to Stay Pending Settlement Discussions by Seterus, Inc.. Responses due by 5/31/2016 (Attachments: #1 Text of Proposed Order)(Pegg, Allen) |
Filing 77 RESPONSE/REPLY to #76 Notice of Supplemental Authority, #71 Notice of Supplemental Authority - Request for Hearing re Supplemental Authority by Zelia Couto, Evrol Edwards, Janet Stubbs. (Moskowitz, Adam) |
Filing 76 Notice of Supplemental Authority re #64 Defendant's MOTION TO DISMISS #55 Amended Complaint, #58 Notice (Other), FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM Defendant's MOTION to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction #55 Amended Complaint, #58 Notice (Other), AND INCORPORATED MEMORANDUM OF LAW by Praetorian Insurance Company, QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc., QBE Specialty Insurance Company (Attachments: #1 Exhibit A) (Toth, Brian) |
Filing 75 NOTICE of Change of Address by Archie Cleveland Lamb, Jr (Lamb, Archie) |
|
Filing 72 Plaintiff's MOTION Motion to File Under Seal re #52 Protective Order, their Motion for Class Certification and Attached Exhibits by Zelia Couto, Evrol Edwards, Angel Robbio, Janet Stubbs, Miriam Torres. (Attachments: #1 Text of Proposed Order)(Moskowitz, Adam) |
SYSTEM ENTRY - Docket Entry 73 [motion] restricted/sealed until further notice. (678235) |
Filing 71 Notice of Supplemental Authority re #67 Response in Opposition to Motion,, by Zelia Couto, Evrol Edwards, Janet Stubbs (Attachments: #1 Exhibit A - Burroughs v. PHH Mortgage Corp.) (Sullivan, Rachel) |
Filing 70 REPLY to Response to Motion re #64 Defendant's MOTION TO DISMISS #55 Amended Complaint, #58 Notice (Other), FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM Defendant's MOTION to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction #55 Amended Complaint, #58 Notice (Other), AND INCORPORATED MEMORANDUM OF LAW filed by Praetorian Insurance Company, QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc., Seterus, Inc.. (Attachments: #1 Exhibit A, #2 Exhibit B)(Pegg, Allen) |
|
Filing 68 Unopposed MOTION for Leave to File Excess Pages ON REPLY IN SUPPORT OF THEIR MOTION TO DISMISS SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT by Praetorian Insurance Company, QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc., Seterus, Inc.. (Attachments: #1 Text of Proposed Order)(Pegg, Allen) |
Filing 67 RESPONSE in Opposition re #64 Defendant's MOTION TO DISMISS #55 Amended Complaint, #58 Notice (Other), FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM Defendant's MOTION to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction #55 Amended Complaint, #58 Notice (Other), AND INCORPORATED MEMORANDUM OF LAW filed by Zelia Couto, Evrol Edwards, Janet Stubbs. Replies due by 2/4/2016. (Attachments: #1 Exhibit A (pt. 1.) - Cohen Complaints, #2 Exhibit A (pt. 2) - Cohen Complaints, #3 Exhibit B - Feaz Complaint)(Sullivan, Rachel) |
|
Filing 65 Unopposed MOTION for Leave to File Excess Pages for Plaintiffs' Response to Defendants' Motion to Dismiss by Zelia Couto, Evrol Edwards, Janet Stubbs. (Attachments: #1 Text of Proposed Order Exhibit A)(Sullivan, Rachel) |
Filing 64 Defendant's MOTION TO DISMISS #55 Amended Complaint, #58 Notice (Other), FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM , Defendant's MOTION to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction #55 Amended Complaint, #58 Notice (Other), AND INCORPORATED MEMORANDUM OF LAW ( Responses due by 1/25/2016) by Praetorian Insurance Company, QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc., Seterus, Inc.. (Attachments: #1 Exhibit A, #2 Exhibit B, #3 Exhibit C, #4 Exhibit D, #5 Exhibit Composite E, #6 Exhibit F, #7 Exhibit Composite G, #8 Exhibit Composite H, #9 Exhibit I)(Pegg, Allen) |
Filing 63 ANSWER and Affirmative Defenses to Amended Complaint by QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc., QBE Specialty Insurance Company. (Toth, Brian) |
|
Filing 61 Unopposed MOTION for Leave to File SEPARATE RULE 12(b) MOTIONS OR, IN THE ALTERNATIVE, TO ENLARGE THE PAGE LIMIT by Praetorian Insurance Company, QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc., Seterus, Inc.. (Attachments: #1 Text of Proposed Order)(Pegg, Allen) |
|
Filing 59 Unopposed MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply/Answer as to #55 Amended Complaint, by Praetorian Insurance Company, QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc., QBE Specialty Insurance Company, Seterus, Inc.. (Attachments: #1 Text of Proposed Order)(Toth, Brian) |
Filing 58 NOTICE by Zelia Couto, Evrol Edwards, Janet Stubbs re #55 Amended Complaint, - Notice of Filing Exhibit A to Second Amended Complaint. Attorney Rachel Sullivan added to party Zelia Couto(pty:pla), Attorney Rachel Sullivan added to party Janet Stubbs(pty:pla). (Attachments: #1 Exhibit A (pt. 1) - Edwards and Couto Mortgages, #2 Exhibit A (pt. 2) - Stubbs Mortgage) (Sullivan, Rachel) |
|
|
Filing 55 Second AMENDED COMPLAINT against Praetorian Insurance Company, QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc., QBE Specialty Insurance Company, Seterus, Inc. filed in response to Order Granting Motion for Leave, filed by Evrol Edwards, Zelia Couto, Janet Stubbs.(Moskowitz, Adam) |
|
Filing 53 Unopposed MOTION for Leave to File Second Amended Complaint by Evrol Edwards, Angel Robbio, Miriam Torres. Attorney Adam M. Moskowitz added to party Angel Robbio(pty:pla), Attorney Adam M. Moskowitz added to party Miriam Torres(pty:pla). (Attachments: #1 Exhibit A - Second Amended Complaint, #2 Text of Proposed Order Ex. B)(Moskowitz, Adam) |
|
|
Filing 50 Unopposed MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply/Answer as to #46 MOTION for Judgment on the Pleadings As to All Claims Asserted by the Torres Plaintiffs by Evrol Edwards, Angel Robbio, Miriam Torres. (Attachments: #1 Text of Proposed Order Exhibit A)(Sullivan, Rachel) |
Filing 49 Joint MOTION for Protective Order by Praetorian Insurance Company, QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc., QBE Specialty Insurance Company, Seterus, Inc.. (Attachments: #1 Text of Proposed Order)(Toth, Brian) |
Filing 48 REPLY to Response to Motion re #38 Defendant's MOTION TO DISMISS #34 Amended Complaint FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM and INCORPORATED MEMORANDUM OF LAW Defendant Seterus, Inc.'s Reply in Support of its Motion to Dismiss Amended Class Action Complaint filed by Seterus, Inc.. (Pegg, Allen) |
|
Filing 46 MOTION for Judgment on the Pleadings As to All Claims Asserted by the Torres Plaintiffs by Praetorian Insurance Company, QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc., QBE Specialty Insurance Company, Seterus, Inc.. (Attachments: #1 Exhibit 1 -- Meadows Decl., #2 Exhibit 2 -- Lee Decl.)(Toth, Brian) |
Filing 45 RESPONSE in Opposition re #38 Defendant's MOTION TO DISMISS #34 Amended Complaint FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM and INCORPORATED MEMORANDUM OF LAW filed by Evrol Edwards, Angel Robbio, Miriam Torres. Attorney Rachel Sullivan added to party Angel Robbio(pty:pla), Attorney Rachel Sullivan added to party Miriam Torres(pty:pla). Replies due by 11/23/2015. (Attachments: #1 Exhibit A - Circeo-Loudon v. Green Tree Order Denying Motions to Dismiss, #2 Exhibit B - Cohen complaints (pt. 1), #3 Exhibit B - Cohen complaints (pt. 2), #4 Exhibit C - Feaz Complaint)(Sullivan, Rachel) |
Filing 44 Corporate Disclosure Statement by QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc. identifying Corporate Parent QBE Financial Institution Risk Services, Inc. for QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc. (Toth, Brian) |
Filing 43 Certificate of Interested Parties by Praetorian Insurance Company, QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc., QBE Specialty Insurance Company (Toth, Brian) |
Filing 42 Certificate of Interested Parties by Evrol Edwards, Angel Robbio, Miriam Torres (Neary, Robert) |
|
|
Filing 40 MOTION for Good Cause to Appear Pro Hac Vice, Consent to Designation, and Request to Electronically Receive Notices of Electronic Filing for Catherine E. Anderson. Filing Fee $ 75.00. Receipt # 110857. (ksa) |
|
Filing 38 Defendant's MOTION TO DISMISS #34 Amended Complaint FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM and INCORPORATED MEMORANDUM OF LAW by Seterus, Inc.. Responses due by 11/12/2015 (Attachments: #1 Exhibit A, #2 Exhibit B, #3 Exhibit C, #4 Exhibit D, #5 Exhibit E (Composite), #6 Exhibit F)(Pegg, Allen) |
Filing 37 ANSWER and Affirmative Defenses to Amended Complaint by Praetorian Insurance Company, QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc., QBE Specialty Insurance Company. (Toth, Brian) |
Filing 36 SCHEDULING REPORT - Rule 16.1 by Evrol Edwards, Angel Robbio, Miriam Torres (Attachments: #1 Text of Proposed Order)(Neary, Robert) |
Filing 35 MOTION for Good Cause to Appear Pro Hac Vice, Consent to Designation, and Request to Electronically Receive Notices of Electronic Filing for Roosevelt N. Nesmith. Filing Fee $ 75.00. Receipt # 110213. (ksa) |
Filing 34 AMENDED COMPLAINT against Praetorian Insurance Company, QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc., QBE Specialty Insurance Company, Seterus, Inc., filed by Evrol Edwards, Angel Robbio, Miriam Torres. (Attachments: #1 Exhibit A)(Harke, Lance) |
Filing 33 Notice of Court Practice. Unless otherwise specified by the Court, every motion shall be double-spaced in Times New Roman 12 point typeface. Multiple Plaintiffs or Defendants shall file joint motions with co-parties unless there are clear conflicts of position. Signed by Judge Darrin P. Gayles (hs01) |
|
|
|
Filing 29 Unopposed MOTION for Good Cause to Appear Pro Hac Vice, Consent to Designation, and Request to Electronically Receive Notices of Electronic Filing for Stephen M. LeBlanc. Filing Fee $ 75.00. Receipt # 109342. (ksa) |
Filing 28 MOTION to Appear Pro Hac Vice, Consent to Designation, and Request to Electronically Receive Notices of Electronic Filing for Elizabeth R. Bailey. Filing Fee $ 75.00. Receipt # 109342. (ksa) |
Filing 27 NOTICE of Attorney Appearance by Archie Cleveland Lamb, Jr on behalf of Evrol Edwards. Attorney Archie Cleveland Lamb, Jr added to party Evrol Edwards(pty:pla). (Lamb, Archie) |
Filing 26 SUMMONS (Affidavit) Returned Executed on #1 Complaint with a 21 day response/answer filing deadline by Evrol Edwards. QBE Specialty Insurance Company served on 8/27/2015, answer due 10/14/2015. (Neary, Robert) |
Filing 25 SUMMONS (Affidavit) Returned Executed on #1 Complaint with a 21 day response/answer filing deadline by Evrol Edwards. QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc. served on 8/27/2015, answer due 10/14/2015. (Neary, Robert) |
Filing 24 SUMMONS (Affidavit) Returned Executed on #1 Complaint with a 21 day response/answer filing deadline by Evrol Edwards. Praetorian Insurance Company served on 8/26/2015, answer due 10/14/2015. (Neary, Robert) |
Filing 23 SUMMONS (Affidavit) Returned Executed on #1 Complaint with a 21 day response/answer filing deadline by Evrol Edwards. Seterus, Inc. served on 8/27/2015, answer due 10/14/2015. (Neary, Robert) |
|
Filing 21 Corporate Disclosure Statement by Praetorian Insurance Company, QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc., QBE Specialty Insurance Company identifying Corporate Parent QBE Insurance Corporation for QBE Specialty Insurance Company; Corporate Parent QBE Holdings, Inc. for Praetorian Insurance Company; Corporate Parent QBE Financial Institution Risk Services, Inc. for QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc. (Toth, Brian) |
Filing 20 Unopposed MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply/Answer as to #1 Complaint by Praetorian Insurance Company, QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc., QBE Specialty Insurance Company. Attorney Brian W. Toth added to party Praetorian Insurance Company(pty:dft), Attorney Brian W. Toth added to party QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc.(pty:dft), Attorney Brian W. Toth added to party QBE Specialty Insurance Company(pty:dft). (Attachments: #1 Text of Proposed Order)(Toth, Brian) |
Filing 19 Notice of Court Practice. Unless otherwise specified by the Court, every motion, response, and reply shall be double-spaced in Times New Roman 12 point typeface. Multiple Plaintiffs or Defendants shall file joint motions with co-parties unless there are clear conflicts of position. Signed by Judge Darrin P. Gayles (hs01) |
|
Filing 17 Corporate Disclosure Statement by Seterus, Inc. identifying Corporate Parent International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), Other Affiliate Kyanite Services, Inc., Other Affiliate Pixel Aquisition Corp. for Seterus, Inc. (Pegg, Allen) |
Filing 16 Unopposed MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply/Answer as to #1 Complaint by Seterus, Inc.. Attorney Allen Paige Pegg added to party Seterus, Inc.(pty:dft). (Attachments: #1 Text of Proposed Order Exhibit A - Proposed Order)(Pegg, Allen) |
|
|
|
Filing 12 MOTION to Appear Pro Hac Vice, Consent to Designation, and Request to Electronically Receive Notices of Electronic Filing for Adam E. Polk. Filing Fee $ 75.00. Receipt # 107306. (ksa) |
Filing 11 MOTION to Appear Pro Hac Vice, Consent to Designation, and Request to Electronically Receive Notices of Electronic Filing for Daniel C. Girard. Filing Fee $ 75.00. Receipt # 107307. (ksa) |
Filing 10 MOTION to Appear Pro Hac Vice, Consent to Designation, and Request to Electronically Receive Notices of Electronic Filing for Elizabeth A. Kramer. Filing Fee $ 75.00. Receipt # 107308. (ksa) |
|
Filing 8 Summons Issued as to Praetorian Insurance Company. (lh) |
Filing 7 Summons Issued as to QBE FIRST Insurance Agency, Inc.. (lh) |
Filing 6 Summons Issued as to QBE Specialty Insurance Company. (lh) |
Filing 5 Summons Issued as to Seterus, Inc.. (lh) |
Filing 4 NOTICE of Filing Proposed Summons(es) by Evrol Edwards re #1 Complaint filed by Evrol Edwards (Attachments: #1 Summon(s) Seterus, Inc., #2 Summon(s) QBE Specialty Insurance Company, #3 Summon(s) QBE First Insurance Agency, Inc., #4 Summon(s) Praetorian Insurance Company) (Neary, Robert) |
Filing 3 Clerks Notice pursuant to 28 USC 636(c). Parties are hereby notified that the U.S. Magistrate Judge Andrea M. Simonton is available to handle any or all proceedings in this case. If agreed, parties should complete and file the attached form. (ail) |
Filing 2 Judge Assignment to Judge Kathleen M. Williams (ail) |
Filing 1 COMPLAINT - CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT against All Defendants. Filing fees $ 400.00 receipt number 113C-8008127, filed by Evrol Edwards. (Attachments: #1 Exhibit A, #2 Civil Cover Sheet)(Moskowitz, Adam) |
Access additional case information on PACER
Use the links below to access additional information about this case on the US Court's PACER system. A subscription to PACER is required.
Access this case on the Florida Southern District Court's Electronic Court Filings (ECF) System
- Search for Party Aliases
- Associated Cases
- Attorneys
- Case File Location
- Case Summary
- Docket Report
- History/Documents
- Parties
- Related Transactions
- Check Status
Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.