Rhode Island State Council of Churches, et al v. Rollins, et al
Plaintiff: RHODE ISLAND STATE COUNCIL OF CHURCHES, NATIONAL COUNCIL OF NONPROFITS, SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION, MAIN STREET ALLIANCE, CENTRAL FALLS, RI, PAWTUCKET, RI, PROVIDENCE, RI, ALBUQUERQUE, NM, BALTIMORE, MD, COLUMBUS, OH, DURHAM, NC, NEW HAVEN, CT, AMOS HOUSE, DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. COMMUNITY CENTER, EAST BAY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM, FEDERAL HILL HOUSE ASSOCIATION, MILAGROS PROJECT, UNITED WAY OF RI, NEW YORK LEGAL ASSISTANCE GROUP and BLACK SHEEP MARKET
Defendant: BROOKE L. ROLLINS, in the official capacity as Secretary of the United States Department of Agriculture, US DEPT OF AGRICULTURE, RUSSELL THURLOW VOUGHT, in the official capacity as Director of the United States Office of Management and Budget, US OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET, SCOTT BESSENT, in the official capacity as Secretary of the United States Department of the Treasury, US DEPT OF THE TREASURY and UNITED STATES
Amicus Curiae: LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEADERS, ANDREW BESHEAR, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, LAURA KELLY, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, JOSH SHAPIRO, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, STATE OF ARIZONA, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, STATE OF CALIFORNIA, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, STATE OF COLORADO, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, STATE OF CONNECTICUT, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, STATE OF DELAWARE, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, STATE OF HAWAII, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, STATE OF ILLINOIS, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, STATE OF MAINE, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, STATE OF MARYLAND, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, STATE OF MICHIGAN, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, STATE OF MINNESOTA, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, STATE OF NEVADA, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, STATE OF NEW JERSEY, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, STATE OF NEW MEXICO, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, STATE OF NEW YORK, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, STATE OF OREGON, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, STATE OF RHODE ISLAND, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, STATE OF VERMONT, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, STATE OF WASHINGTON, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, STATE OF WISCONSIN, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky and BIPARTISAN FORMER GOVERNORS
Case Number: 25-2089
Filed: November 6, 2025
Court: U.S. Court of Appeals, First Circuit
Nature of Suit: Other Statutes

Opinions

We have the following opinions for this case:

Date Filed Description
November 9, 2025 Summary Rhode Island State Council of Churches v. Rollins
November 7, 2025 Summary Rhode Island State Council of Churches v. Rollins
November 13, 2025 Summary Rhode Island State Council of Churches v. Rollins

Docket Report

This docket was last retrieved on December 4, 2025. A more recent docket listing may be available from PACER.

Date Filed Document Text
December 4, 2025 Opinion or Order MANDATE issued. [25-2089] (JW) [Entered: 12/04/2025 04:36 PM]
December 4, 2025 Opinion or Order JUDGMENT dismissing case pursuant to Fed. R. App. P. 42(b). 25-2089 42b. [25-2089] (JW) [Entered: 12/04/2025 04:34 PM]
December 2, 2025 Opinion or Order MOTION to dismiss case filed by Appellants Scott Bessent, Brooke L. Rollins, USDA, US, US Office of Management and Budget, Russell Thurlow Vought and US Dept of the Treasury. Served on 12/02/2025. [25-2089] CLERK'S NOTE: Party selection was incomplete. Correction made by clerk's office. No further action required. (LM) [Entered: 12/02/2025 09:58 PM]
November 28, 2025 Opinion or Order NOTICE issued. After 12/12/2025, the following attorneys will no longer receive notice of court issued documents in this case unless they register for an appellate ECF account: Jason Altabet for US Dept of the Treasury, US, USDA, US Office of Management and Budget, Scott Bessent, Russell Thurlow Vought and Brooke L. Rollins, Tyler J. Becker for US Dept of the Treasury, US, USDA, US Office of Management and Budget, Scott Bessent, Russell Thurlow Vought and Brooke L. Rollins, Joseph E. Borson for US Dept of the Treasury, US, USDA, US Office of Management and Budget, Scott Bessent, Russell Thurlow Vought and Brooke L. Rollins and Skye L. Perryman for United Way of RI, Central Falls, RI, Pawtucket, RI, Providence, RI, Baltimore, MD, Federal Hill House Association, SEIU, Albuquerque, NM, Columbus, OH, New Haven, CT, National Council of Nonprofits, Rhode Island State Council of Churches, Main Street Alliance, Durham, NC, Amos House, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Center, East Bay Community Action Program, Milagros Project, New York Legal Assistance Group and Black Sheep Market. [25-2089] (JW) [Entered: 11/28/2025 04:28 PM]
November 25, 2025 Opinion or Order TRANSCRIPT report/order form filed by Appellants Russell Thurlow Vought, USDA, US Office of Management and Budget, US Dept of the Treasury, US, Brooke L. Rollins and Scott Bessent indicating all necessary transcripts have already been filed in district court. Served on 11/25/2025. [25-2089] CLERK'S NOTE: The document is incomplete (missing signature and Court of Appeals case number is incorrect). THE FILER IS DIRECTED TO RE-FILE THE DOCUMENT WITHIN TWO DAYS (12/3/2025). (LM) [Entered: 11/25/2025 12:51 PM]
November 25, 2025 Opinion or Order DOCKETING statement filed by Appellants Scott Bessent, Brooke L. Rollins, Russell Thurlow Vought, US Dept of the Treasury, US Office of Management and Budget, USDA and US. Served on 11/25/2025. [25-2089] (LM) [Entered: 11/25/2025 12:49 PM]
November 13, 2025 Opinion or Order ERRATA issued by court to opinion (published) [ # 6764060-2 ]. [25-2089] (SBT) [Entered: 11/13/2025 04:38 PM]
November 13, 2025 Opinion or Order NINE (9) paper copies of amicus brief [ # 6764158-2 ] submitted by Amici Curiae Andrew Beshear, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, District of Columbia, Laura Kelly, Josh Shapiro, State of Arizona, State of California, State of Colorado, State of Connecticut, State of Delaware, State of Hawaii, State of Illinois, State of Maine, State of Maryland, State of Michigan, State of Minnesota, State of Nevada, State of New Jersey, State of New Mexico, State of New York, State of North Carolina, State of Oregon, State of Rhode Island, State of Vermont, State of Washington, and State of Wisconsin. [25-2089] (DK) [Entered: 11/28/2025 10:54 AM]
November 12, 2025 Opinion or Order NINE (9) paper copies of amicus brief [ # 6764146-2 ] submitted by Amici Curiae Local Governments and Local Government Leaders. [25-2089] (DK) [Entered: 11/28/2025 10:57 AM]
November 12, 2025 Opinion or Order NINE (9) paper copies of amicus brief [ # 6764163-2 ] submitted by Amici Curiae Bipartisan Former Governors. [25-2089] (DK) [Entered: 11/28/2025 11:20 AM]
November 10, 2025 Opinion or Order DISCLOSURE statement filed by Appellees Albuquerque, NM, Amos House, Baltimore, MD, Black Sheep Market, Central Falls, RI, Columbus, OH, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Center, Durham, NC, East Bay Community Action Program, Federal Hill House Association, Main Street Alliance, Milagros Project, National Council of Nonprofits, New Haven, CT, New York Legal Assistance Group, Pawtucket, RI, Providence, RI, Rhode Island State Council of Churches, SEIU and United Way of RI. Served on 11/10/2025. [25-2089] (KB) [Entered: 11/10/2025 02:20 PM]
November 10, 2025 Opinion or Order NOTICE of appearance on behalf of Appellees Albuquerque, NM, Amos House, Baltimore, MD, Black Sheep Market, Central Falls, RI, Columbus, OH, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Center, Durham, NC, East Bay Community Action Program, Federal Hill House Association, Main Street Alliance, Milagros Project, National Council of Nonprofits, New Haven, CT, New York Legal Assistance Group, Pawtucket, RI, Providence, RI, Rhode Island State Council of Churches, SEIU and United Way of RI filed by Attorney Michael Torcello. Served on 11/10/2025. [25-2089] CLERK'S NOTE: Party selection was incorrect. Correction made by clerk's office. No further action required. (MJT) [Entered: 11/10/2025 11:35 AM]
November 9, 2025 Opinion or Order AMICUS CURIAE BRIEF filed by Amici Curiae Bipartisan Former Governors in support of Appellees. Served on 11/07/2025. Nine paper copies identical to that of the electronically filed brief must be submitted so that they are received by the court on or before 11/17/2025 . [25-2089] CLERK'S NOTE: Docket entry was modified to replace an attachment. (JW) [Entered: 11/10/2025 10:59 AM]
November 9, 2025 Opinion or Order AMICUS CURIAE BRIEF filed by Amici Curiae Andrew Beshear, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, District of Columbia, Laura Kelly, Josh Shapiro, State of Arizona, State of California, State of Colorado, State of Connecticut, State of Delaware, State of Hawaii, State of Illinois, State of Maine, State of Maryland, State of Michigan, State of Minnesota, State of Nevada, State of New Jersey, State of New Mexico, State of New York, State of North Carolina, State of Oregon, State of Rhode Island, State of Vermont, State of Washington and State of Wisconsin in support of Appellees. Served on 11/07/2025. Nine paper copies identical to that of the electronically filed brief must be submitted so that they are received by the court on or before 11/17/2025 . [25-2089] (JW) [Entered: 11/10/2025 10:53 AM]
November 9, 2025 Opinion or Order AMICUS CURIAE BRIEF filed by Amici Curiae Local Governments and Local Government Leaders in support of Appellees. Served on 11/07/2025. Nine paper copies identical to that of the electronically filed brief must be submitted so that they are received by the court on or before 11/17/2025 . [25-2089] (JW) [Entered: 11/10/2025 10:28 AM]
November 9, 2025 Opinion or Order ORDER entered by David J. Barron, Chief Appellate Judge; Gustavo A. Gelpi, Jr., Appellate Judge and Julie Rikelman, Appellate Judge. Consistent with the opinion of even date, the government's motion for a stay pending appeal is denied in part. [25-2089] (SBT) [Entered: 11/09/2025 11:54 PM]
November 9, 2025 Opinion or Order OPINION issued by David J. Barron, Chief Appellate Judge; Gustavo A. Gelpi, Jr., Appellate Judge and Julie Rikelman, Appellate Judge, Authoring. Published. [25-2089] (SBT) [Entered: 11/09/2025 11:49 PM]
November 9, 2025 Opinion or Order LETTER regarding USDA Guidance Memorandum filed by Attorney Laura Myron for Appellants Scott Bessent, Brooke L. Rollins, US, USDA, US Dept of the Treasury, US Office of Management and Budget and Russell Thurlow Vought. Served on 11/09/2025. [25-2089] (LM) [Entered: 11/09/2025 01:41 PM]
November 8, 2025 Opinion or Order MOTION for Leave to File Letter Supplement to Amicus Brief filed by Movant(s) Massachusetts. Served on 11/08/2025. [25-2089] CLERK'S NOTE: Docket entry was edited to modify the docket text. (AEL) [Entered: 11/08/2025 07:34 PM]
November 8, 2025 Opinion or Order NOTICE of appearance on behalf of Appellees Albuquerque, NM, Amos House, Baltimore, MD, Black Sheep Market, Central Falls, RI, Columbus, OH, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Center, Durham, NC, East Bay Community Action Program, Federal Hill House Association, Main Street Alliance, Milagros Project, National Council of Nonprofits, New Haven, CT, New York Legal Assistance Group, Pawtucket, RI, Providence, RI, Rhode Island State Council of Churches, SEIU and United Way of RI filed by Attorney Andrew Liang Bookbinder. Served on 11/08/2025. [25-2089] (ALB) [Entered: 11/08/2025 09:20 AM]
November 7, 2025 Opinion or Order NOTICE of appearance on behalf of Appellees Albuquerque, NM, Amos House, Baltimore, MD, Black Sheep Market, Central Falls, RI, Columbus, OH, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Center, Durham, NC, East Bay Community Action Program, Federal Hill House Association, Main Street Alliance, Milagros Project, National Council of Nonprofits, New Haven, CT, New York Legal Assistance Group, Pawtucket, RI, Providence, RI, Rhode Island State Council of Churches, SEIU and United Way of RI filed by Attorney Kristin Bateman. Served on 11/07/2025. [25-2089] (KB) [Entered: 11/07/2025 11:36 PM]
November 7, 2025 Opinion or Order ORDER entered by David J. Barron, Chief Appellate Judge; Gustavo A. Gelp , Jr., Appellate Judge and Julie Rikelman, Appellate Judge: This case was brought by cities, unions, nonprofits, and a retailer challenging the government defendants' ("government") suspension of benefits under the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) during the ongoing lapse in congressional appropriations. On October 31, the district court granted the plaintiffs' motion for a temporary restraining order, directing the defendants to distribute SNAP funds for the month of November. The district court provided the government two options: "make the full SNAP benefit payments by Monday, November 3, 2025," including by using a SNAP contingency fund and drawing on a fund created by Section 32 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1935, 7 U.S.C. 612c ("Section 32 fund"), or "expeditiously resolve the administrative and clerical burdens it described" in previous filings and "make a partial payment of the total amount of the contingency funds . . . by Wednesday, November 5, 2025." On November 4, the plaintiffs filed a motion to enforce the temporary restraining order, or, in the alternative, for the district court to enter a new temporary restraining order. The motion contended that the government failed to comply with the district court's first temporary restraining order because the government, among other things, "failed to expeditiously resolve the burdens associated with partial SNAP payments," as required. In a November 6 order, the district court granted the motion to enforce its October 31 order, concluding that the government had failed to either fully fund SNAP for November or to resolve administrative and clerical burdens such that partial payments would be made. It therefore directed the government "to make full SNAP payments . . . by utilizing available Section 32 funds in combination with the contingency funds." In the same November 6 order, the district court issued a second temporary restraining order concluding that the government's decision not to use Section 32 funds to issue full SNAP benefits in November was arbitrary and capricious and similarly directing the government to make full payments of SNAP benefits by November 7, including by using the Section 32 fund. The government filed a notice of appeal and has moved to stay pending appeal the district court's November 6 orders. The government requests a stay on the merits and an administrative stay. We note that in its stay briefing to us, the government has not disputed that it may under 7 U.S.C. 2257 use the Section 32 fund to cover the provision of SNAP benefits for the month of November. Because the November 6 orders provide the same relief, the government would need to establish that it is entitled to a stay of both orders in order to receive the relief that it requests from being required to make full SNAP payments by utilizing available Section 32 funds in combination with the contingency funds. The request for an administrative stay is denied. The government's motion for a stay pending appeal remains pending, and we intend to issue a decision on that motion as quickly as possible. [25-2089] (JW) [Entered: 11/07/2025 06:08 PM]
November 7, 2025 Opinion or Order NOTICE of appearance on behalf of Appellants Scott Bessent, US, USDA, Russell Thurlow Vought, US Office of Management and Budget, US Dept of the Treasury and Brooke L. Rollins filed by Attorney Laura E. Myron. Served on 11/07/2025. [25-2089] (LM) [Entered: 11/07/2025 06:47 AM]
November 7, 2025 Opinion or Order DISCLOSURE statement filed by Appellees Albuquerque, NM, Amos House, Baltimore, MD, Black Sheep Market, Central Falls, RI, Columbus, OH, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Center, Durham, NC, East Bay Community Action Program, Federal Hill House Association, Main Street Alliance, Milagros Project, National Council of Nonprofits, New Haven, CT, New York Legal Assistance Group, Pawtucket, RI, Providence, RI, Rhode Island State Council of Churches, United Way of RI and SEIU. Served on 11/07/2025. [25-2089] CLERK'S NOTE: The signature on the document does not match the name of the ECF filer under whose login and password the document was filed. THE FILER IS DIRECTED TO RE-FILE THE DOCUMENT WITHIN TWO DAYS (11/13/2025). (ARR) [Entered: 11/07/2025 12:00 PM]
November 7, 2025 Opinion or Order EMERGENCY MOTION to stay -- EMERGENCY MOTION FOR STAY PENDING APPEAL AND IMMEDIATE ADMINISTRATIVE STAY filed by Appellants US, Brooke L. Rollins, Scott Bessent, US Dept of the Treasury, US Office of Management and Budget, USDA and Russell Thurlow Vought. Served on 11/07/2025. [25-2089] (LM) [Entered: 11/07/2025 08:53 AM]
November 7, 2025 Opinion or Order ORDER entered: The court is in receipt of defendants-appellants' Emergency Motion for Stay Pending Appeal and Immediate Administrative Stay. Plaintiffs-appellees are directed to file their response thereto by noon on Friday, November 7, 2025. [25-2089] (JW) [Entered: 11/07/2025 09:54 AM]
November 7, 2025 Opinion or Order NOTICE of appearance on behalf of Appellees Albuquerque, NM, Amos House, Baltimore, MD, Black Sheep Market, Central Falls, RI, Columbus, OH, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Center, Durham, NC, East Bay Community Action Program, Federal Hill House Association, Main Street Alliance, Milagros Project, National Council of Nonprofits, New Haven, CT, New York Legal Assistance Group, Pawtucket, RI, Providence, RI, Rhode Island State Council of Churches, SEIU and United Way of RI filed by Attorney Amy R. Romero. Served on 11/07/2025. [25-2089] (ARR) [Entered: 11/07/2025 10:48 AM]
November 7, 2025 Opinion or Order NOTICE of appearance on behalf of Appellees Albuquerque, NM, Amos House, Baltimore, MD, Black Sheep Market, Central Falls, RI, Columbus, OH, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Center, Durham, NC, East Bay Community Action Program, Federal Hill House Association, Main Street Alliance, Milagros Project, National Council of Nonprofits, New Haven, CT, New York Legal Assistance Group, Pawtucket, RI, Providence, RI, Rhode Island State Council of Churches, SEIU and United Way of RI filed by Attorney Kevin Love Hubbard. Served on 11/07/2025. [25-2089] (KLH) [Entered: 11/07/2025 10:54 AM]
November 7, 2025 Opinion or Order SUPPLEMENTAL record filed. Docket entries: 34 (Memorandum and Order); 35 (Transcript of Motion to Enforce TRO held on 11/06/2025). [25-2089] (JW) [Entered: 11/07/2025 11:22 AM]
November 7, 2025 Opinion or Order SUPPLEMENTAL record filed. Docket entry: 37 (Amended Notice of Appeal). [25-2089] (JW) [Entered: 11/07/2025 11:28 AM]
November 7, 2025 Opinion or Order AMENDED notice of appeal (doc. #37) filed by Appellants Scott Bessent, Brooke L. Rollins, USDA, US Dept of the Treasury, US Office of Management and Budget, US and Russell Thurlow Vought on 11/06/2025. [25-2089] (JW) [Entered: 11/07/2025 11:30 AM]
November 7, 2025 Opinion or Order NOTICE of appearance on behalf of Appellees Rhode Island State Council of Churches, National Council of Nonprofits, SEIU, Main Street Alliance, Central Falls, RI, Pawtucket, RI, Providence, RI, Albuquerque, NM, Baltimore, MD, Columbus, OH, Durham, NC, Amos House, New Haven, CT, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Center, East Bay Community Action Program, Federal Hill House Association, Milagros Project, United Way of RI, New York Legal Assistance Group and Black Sheep Market filed by Attorney Catherine M.A. Carroll. Served on 11/07/2025. [25-2089] (CMC) [Entered: 11/07/2025 11:59 AM]
November 7, 2025 Opinion or Order MOTION for leave to file amicus curiae brief in support of Appellee filed by Movant(s) Local Governments and Local Government Leaders. Served on 11/07/2025. [25-2089] (JBM) [Entered: 11/07/2025 12:05 PM]
November 7, 2025 Opinion or Order MOTION for leave to file amicus curiae brief filed by Movant(s) Massachusetts. Served on 11/07/2025. [25-2089] (AEL) [Entered: 11/07/2025 05:34 PM]
November 7, 2025 Opinion or Order RESPONSE filed by Appellees Albuquerque, NM, Amos House, Baltimore, MD, Black Sheep Market, Central Falls, RI, Columbus, OH, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Center, Durham, NC, East Bay Community Action Program, Federal Hill House Association, Main Street Alliance, Milagros Project, National Council of Nonprofits, New Haven, CT, New York Legal Assistance Group, Pawtucket, RI, Providence, RI, Rhode Island State Council of Churches, SEIU and United Way of RI to motion to stay [ # 6763721-2 ]. Served on 11/07/2025. [25-2089] (ARR) [Entered: 11/07/2025 12:10 PM]
November 7, 2025 Opinion or Order NOTICE of appearance on behalf of Appellees Albuquerque, NM, Amos House, Baltimore, MD, Black Sheep Market, Central Falls, RI, Columbus, OH, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Center, Durham, NC, East Bay Community Action Program, Federal Hill House Association, Main Street Alliance, Milagros Project, National Council of Nonprofits, New Haven, CT, New York Legal Assistance Group, Pawtucket, RI, Providence, RI, Rhode Island State Council of Churches, SEIU and United Way of RI filed by Attorney Jyoti Jasrasaria. Served on 11/07/2025. [25-2089] (JJ) [Entered: 11/07/2025 12:43 PM]
November 7, 2025 Opinion or Order NOTICE of appearance on behalf of Movant(s) MASSACHUSETTS AND OTHER STATES AND GOVERNORS AS AMICI CURIAE filed by Attorney Anna Lumelsky. Served on 11/07/2025. [25-2089] (AEL) [Entered: 11/07/2025 01:04 PM]
November 7, 2025 Opinion or Order AMICUS CURIAE BRIEF tendered by MASSACHUSETTS AND OTHER STATES AND GOVERNORS AS AMICI CURIAE. [25-2089] (AEL) [Entered: 11/07/2025 01:06 PM]
November 7, 2025 Opinion or Order MOTION for leave to file amicus curiae brief in support of Appellee filed by Movant(s) Bipartisan Former Governors. Served on 11/07/2025. [25-2089] (EBD) [Entered: 11/07/2025 02:18 PM]
November 7, 2025 Opinion or Order NOTICE of appearance on behalf of Movant(s) Local Governments and Local Government Leaders filed by Attorney Jonathan B. Miller. Served on 11/07/2025. [25-2089] (JBM) [Entered: 11/07/2025 02:26 PM]
November 7, 2025 Opinion or Order NOTICE of appearance on behalf of Movant(s) Bipartisan Former Governors filed by Attorney Elizabeth B. Deutsch. Served on 11/07/2025. [25-2089] (EBD) [Entered: 11/07/2025 02:28 PM]
November 7, 2025 Opinion or Order NOTICE of appearance on behalf of Appellees Albuquerque, NM, Amos House, Baltimore, MD, Black Sheep Market, Central Falls, RI, Columbus, OH, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Community Center, Durham, NC, East Bay Community Action Program, Federal Hill House Association, Main Street Alliance, Milagros Project, National Council of Nonprofits, New Haven, CT, New York Legal Assistance Group, Pawtucket, RI, Providence, RI, Rhode Island State Council of Churches, SEIU and United Way of RI filed by Attorney Robin F. Thurston. Served on 11/07/2025. [25-2089] (RFT) [Entered: 11/07/2025 04:38 PM]
November 7, 2025 Opinion or Order AMICUS CURIAE BRIEF tendered by Local Governments and Local Government Leaders. [25-2089] (JBM) [Entered: 11/07/2025 05:15 PM]
November 6, 2025 Opinion or Order CIVIL CASE docketed. Notice of appeal (doc. #32) filed by Appellants Scott Bessent, Brooke L. Rollins, USDA, US Dept of the Treasury, US Office of Management and Budget, US and Russell Thurlow Vought. Appearance form, Docketing Statement, and Transcript Report/Order form due 11/20/2025. [25-2089]. CLERK'S NOTE: Docket entry was edited to replace an attachment. (JW) [Entered: 11/06/2025 07:39 PM]

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Search for this case: Rhode Island State Council of Churches, et al v. Rollins, et al
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Plaintiff: RHODE ISLAND STATE COUNCIL OF CHURCHES
Represented By: Michael J. Torcello
Represented By: Robin F. Thurston
Represented By: Amy Retsinas Romero
Represented By: Adnan Perwez
Represented By: Skye L. Perryman
Represented By: Jyoti Jasrasaria
Represented By: Kevin Love Hubbard
Represented By: Catherine Mary Agnes Carroll
Represented By: Andrew Liang Bookbinder
Represented By: Kristin Bateman
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Plaintiff: NATIONAL COUNCIL OF NONPROFITS
Represented By: Michael J. Torcello
Represented By: Robin F. Thurston
Represented By: Amy Retsinas Romero
Represented By: Adnan Perwez
Represented By: Skye L. Perryman
Represented By: Jyoti Jasrasaria
Represented By: Kevin Love Hubbard
Represented By: Catherine Mary Agnes Carroll
Represented By: Andrew Liang Bookbinder
Represented By: Kristin Bateman
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Plaintiff: SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION
Represented By: Michael J. Torcello
Represented By: Robin F. Thurston
Represented By: Amy Retsinas Romero
Represented By: Adnan Perwez
Represented By: Skye L. Perryman
Represented By: Jyoti Jasrasaria
Represented By: Kevin Love Hubbard
Represented By: Catherine Mary Agnes Carroll
Represented By: Andrew Liang Bookbinder
Represented By: Kristin Bateman
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Plaintiff: MAIN STREET ALLIANCE
Represented By: Michael J. Torcello
Represented By: Robin F. Thurston
Represented By: Amy Retsinas Romero
Represented By: Adnan Perwez
Represented By: Skye L. Perryman
Represented By: Jyoti Jasrasaria
Represented By: Kevin Love Hubbard
Represented By: Catherine Mary Agnes Carroll
Represented By: Andrew Liang Bookbinder
Represented By: Kristin Bateman
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Plaintiff: CENTRAL FALLS, RI
Represented By: Michael J. Torcello
Represented By: Robin F. Thurston
Represented By: Amy Retsinas Romero
Represented By: Adnan Perwez
Represented By: Skye L. Perryman
Represented By: Jyoti Jasrasaria
Represented By: Kevin Love Hubbard
Represented By: Catherine Mary Agnes Carroll
Represented By: Andrew Liang Bookbinder
Represented By: Kristin Bateman
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Plaintiff: PAWTUCKET, RI
Represented By: Michael J. Torcello
Represented By: Robin F. Thurston
Represented By: Amy Retsinas Romero
Represented By: Adnan Perwez
Represented By: Skye L. Perryman
Represented By: Jyoti Jasrasaria
Represented By: Kevin Love Hubbard
Represented By: Catherine Mary Agnes Carroll
Represented By: Andrew Liang Bookbinder
Represented By: Kristin Bateman
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Plaintiff: PROVIDENCE, RI
Represented By: Michael J. Torcello
Represented By: Robin F. Thurston
Represented By: Amy Retsinas Romero
Represented By: Adnan Perwez
Represented By: Skye L. Perryman
Represented By: Jyoti Jasrasaria
Represented By: Kevin Love Hubbard
Represented By: Catherine Mary Agnes Carroll
Represented By: Andrew Liang Bookbinder
Represented By: Kristin Bateman
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Plaintiff: ALBUQUERQUE, NM
Represented By: Michael J. Torcello
Represented By: Robin F. Thurston
Represented By: Amy Retsinas Romero
Represented By: Adnan Perwez
Represented By: Skye L. Perryman
Represented By: Jyoti Jasrasaria
Represented By: Kevin Love Hubbard
Represented By: Catherine Mary Agnes Carroll
Represented By: Andrew Liang Bookbinder
Represented By: Kristin Bateman
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Plaintiff: BALTIMORE, MD
Represented By: Michael J. Torcello
Represented By: Robin F. Thurston
Represented By: Amy Retsinas Romero
Represented By: Adnan Perwez
Represented By: Skye L. Perryman
Represented By: Jyoti Jasrasaria
Represented By: Kevin Love Hubbard
Represented By: Catherine Mary Agnes Carroll
Represented By: Andrew Liang Bookbinder
Represented By: Kristin Bateman
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Plaintiff: COLUMBUS, OH
Represented By: Michael J. Torcello
Represented By: Robin F. Thurston
Represented By: Amy Retsinas Romero
Represented By: Adnan Perwez
Represented By: Skye L. Perryman
Represented By: Jyoti Jasrasaria
Represented By: Kevin Love Hubbard
Represented By: Catherine Mary Agnes Carroll
Represented By: Andrew Liang Bookbinder
Represented By: Kristin Bateman
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Plaintiff: DURHAM, NC
Represented By: Michael J. Torcello
Represented By: Robin F. Thurston
Represented By: Amy Retsinas Romero
Represented By: Adnan Perwez
Represented By: Skye L. Perryman
Represented By: Jyoti Jasrasaria
Represented By: Kevin Love Hubbard
Represented By: Catherine Mary Agnes Carroll
Represented By: Andrew Liang Bookbinder
Represented By: Kristin Bateman
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Plaintiff: NEW HAVEN, CT
Represented By: Michael J. Torcello
Represented By: Robin F. Thurston
Represented By: Amy Retsinas Romero
Represented By: Adnan Perwez
Represented By: Skye L. Perryman
Represented By: Jyoti Jasrasaria
Represented By: Kevin Love Hubbard
Represented By: Catherine Mary Agnes Carroll
Represented By: Andrew Liang Bookbinder
Represented By: Kristin Bateman
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Plaintiff: AMOS HOUSE
Represented By: Michael J. Torcello
Represented By: Robin F. Thurston
Represented By: Amy Retsinas Romero
Represented By: Adnan Perwez
Represented By: Skye L. Perryman
Represented By: Jyoti Jasrasaria
Represented By: Kevin Love Hubbard
Represented By: Catherine Mary Agnes Carroll
Represented By: Andrew Liang Bookbinder
Represented By: Kristin Bateman
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Plaintiff: DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. COMMUNITY CENTER
Represented By: Michael J. Torcello
Represented By: Robin F. Thurston
Represented By: Amy Retsinas Romero
Represented By: Adnan Perwez
Represented By: Skye L. Perryman
Represented By: Jyoti Jasrasaria
Represented By: Kevin Love Hubbard
Represented By: Catherine Mary Agnes Carroll
Represented By: Andrew Liang Bookbinder
Represented By: Kristin Bateman
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Plaintiff: EAST BAY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM
Represented By: Michael J. Torcello
Represented By: Robin F. Thurston
Represented By: Amy Retsinas Romero
Represented By: Adnan Perwez
Represented By: Skye L. Perryman
Represented By: Jyoti Jasrasaria
Represented By: Kevin Love Hubbard
Represented By: Catherine Mary Agnes Carroll
Represented By: Andrew Liang Bookbinder
Represented By: Kristin Bateman
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Plaintiff: FEDERAL HILL HOUSE ASSOCIATION
Represented By: Michael J. Torcello
Represented By: Robin F. Thurston
Represented By: Amy Retsinas Romero
Represented By: Adnan Perwez
Represented By: Skye L. Perryman
Represented By: Jyoti Jasrasaria
Represented By: Kevin Love Hubbard
Represented By: Catherine Mary Agnes Carroll
Represented By: Andrew Liang Bookbinder
Represented By: Kristin Bateman
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Plaintiff: MILAGROS PROJECT
Represented By: Michael J. Torcello
Represented By: Robin F. Thurston
Represented By: Amy Retsinas Romero
Represented By: Adnan Perwez
Represented By: Skye L. Perryman
Represented By: Jyoti Jasrasaria
Represented By: Kevin Love Hubbard
Represented By: Catherine Mary Agnes Carroll
Represented By: Andrew Liang Bookbinder
Represented By: Kristin Bateman
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Plaintiff: UNITED WAY OF RI
Represented By: Michael J. Torcello
Represented By: Robin F. Thurston
Represented By: Amy Retsinas Romero
Represented By: Adnan Perwez
Represented By: Skye L. Perryman
Represented By: Jyoti Jasrasaria
Represented By: Kevin Love Hubbard
Represented By: Catherine Mary Agnes Carroll
Represented By: Andrew Liang Bookbinder
Represented By: Kristin Bateman
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Plaintiff: NEW YORK LEGAL ASSISTANCE GROUP
Represented By: Michael J. Torcello
Represented By: Robin F. Thurston
Represented By: Amy Retsinas Romero
Represented By: Adnan Perwez
Represented By: Skye L. Perryman
Represented By: Jyoti Jasrasaria
Represented By: Kevin Love Hubbard
Represented By: Catherine Mary Agnes Carroll
Represented By: Andrew Liang Bookbinder
Represented By: Kristin Bateman
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Plaintiff: BLACK SHEEP MARKET
Represented By: Michael J. Torcello
Represented By: Robin F. Thurston
Represented By: Amy Retsinas Romero
Represented By: Adnan Perwez
Represented By: Skye L. Perryman
Represented By: Jyoti Jasrasaria
Represented By: Kevin Love Hubbard
Represented By: Catherine Mary Agnes Carroll
Represented By: Andrew Liang Bookbinder
Represented By: Kristin Bateman
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Defendant: BROOKE L. ROLLINS, in the official capacity as Secretary of the United States Department of Agriculture
Represented By: Lauren S. Zurier
Represented By: Rachna Vyas
Represented By: Michael S. Raab
Represented By: Laura Myron
Represented By: Joseph E. Borson
Represented By: Kevin M. Bolan
Represented By: Tyler J. Becker
Represented By: Jason Altabet
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Defendant: US DEPT OF AGRICULTURE
Represented By: Lauren S. Zurier
Represented By: Rachna Vyas
Represented By: Michael S. Raab
Represented By: Laura Myron
Represented By: Joseph E. Borson
Represented By: Kevin M. Bolan
Represented By: Tyler J. Becker
Represented By: Jason Altabet
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Defendant: RUSSELL THURLOW VOUGHT, in the official capacity as Director of the United States Office of Management and Budget
Represented By: Lauren S. Zurier
Represented By: Rachna Vyas
Represented By: Michael S. Raab
Represented By: Laura Myron
Represented By: Joseph E. Borson
Represented By: Kevin M. Bolan
Represented By: Tyler J. Becker
Represented By: Jason Altabet
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Defendant: US OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
Represented By: Lauren S. Zurier
Represented By: Rachna Vyas
Represented By: Michael S. Raab
Represented By: Laura Myron
Represented By: Joseph E. Borson
Represented By: Kevin M. Bolan
Represented By: Tyler J. Becker
Represented By: Jason Altabet
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Defendant: SCOTT BESSENT, in the official capacity as Secretary of the United States Department of the Treasury
Represented By: Lauren S. Zurier
Represented By: Rachna Vyas
Represented By: Michael S. Raab
Represented By: Laura Myron
Represented By: Joseph E. Borson
Represented By: Kevin M. Bolan
Represented By: Tyler J. Becker
Represented By: Jason Altabet
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Defendant: US DEPT OF THE TREASURY
Represented By: Lauren S. Zurier
Represented By: Rachna Vyas
Represented By: Michael S. Raab
Represented By: Laura Myron
Represented By: Joseph E. Borson
Represented By: Kevin M. Bolan
Represented By: Tyler J. Becker
Represented By: Jason Altabet
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Defendant: UNITED STATES
Represented By: Lauren S. Zurier
Represented By: Rachna Vyas
Represented By: Michael S. Raab
Represented By: Laura Myron
Represented By: Joseph E. Borson
Represented By: Kevin M. Bolan
Represented By: Tyler J. Becker
Represented By: Jason Altabet
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Amicus curiae: LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEADERS
Represented By: Jonathan Benjamin Miller
Represented By: Jenny Ma
Represented By: Jean Larsen
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Amicus curiae: ANDREW BESHEAR, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: LAURA KELLY, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: JOSH SHAPIRO, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: STATE OF ARIZONA, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: STATE OF CALIFORNIA, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: STATE OF COLORADO, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: STATE OF CONNECTICUT, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: STATE OF DELAWARE, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: STATE OF HAWAII, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: STATE OF ILLINOIS, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: STATE OF MAINE, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: STATE OF MARYLAND, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: STATE OF MICHIGAN, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: STATE OF MINNESOTA, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: STATE OF NEVADA, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: STATE OF NEW JERSEY, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: STATE OF NEW MEXICO, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: STATE OF NEW YORK, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: STATE OF OREGON, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: STATE OF RHODE ISLAND, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: STATE OF VERMONT, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: STATE OF WASHINGTON, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: STATE OF WISCONSIN, in the Official Capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Represented By: Peter Walkingshaw
Represented By: Cassandra J. Thomson
Represented By: Michelle R. Pascucci
Represented By: Anna Esther Lumelsky
Represented By: Jak Kundl
Represented By: Rauvin A. Johl
Represented By: Katherine B. Dirks
Represented By: Vanessa Arslanian
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Amicus curiae: BIPARTISAN FORMER GOVERNORS
Represented By: Julia Spigel
Represented By: Laurel A. Raymond
Represented By: Inbar Pe'er
Represented By: Emily Kirby
Represented By: Brian Hauck
Represented By: Carlos Guevara
Represented By: Elizabeth B. Deutsch
Represented By: Allegra Chapman
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