Texas Bankers Association et al v. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency et al
Texas Bankers Association, Amarillo Chamber of Commerce, American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of The United States of America, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Independent Community Bankers of America and Independent Bankers Association of Texas |
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Acting Comproller Michael J Hsu, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Chairman Jerome Powell, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Chairman Martin Gruenberg, Michael J Hsu, Jerome Powell and Martin Gruenberg |
2:2024cv00025 |
February 5, 2024 |
US District Court for the Northern District of Texas |
Matthew J Kacsmaryk |
Lee Ann Reno |
Other Statutes: Administrative Procedure Act/Review or Appeal of Agency Decision |
05 U.S.C. § 551 Administrative Procedure Act |
None |
Docket Report
This docket was last retrieved on April 4, 2024. A more recent docket listing may be available from PACER.
Document Text |
---|
Filing 77 Consent MOTION to Extend Time extention of time filed by Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Attachments: #1 Proposed Order Proposed Order Granting Consent Motion) (Smith, Herbert) |
Filing 76 ORDER TO SUBMIT JOINT PROPOSED SCHEDULING ORDER: JOINT Proposed Scheduling Order due by 4/22/2024. (Ordered by Magistrate Judge Lee Ann Reno on 4/2/2024) (nht) |
Filing 75 MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER re: #19 MOTION for Injunction. (Ordered by Judge Matthew J. Kacsmaryk on 3/29/2024) (vls) Modified text on 4/1/2024 (nht). |
Filing 74 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE filed by Texas Bankers Association re: #73 Reply. (Riney, Thomas) Modified title of document and title of linked document on 3/25/2024 (awc). |
Filing 73 REPLY filed by Amarillo Chamber of Commerce, American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of The United States of America, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Independent Community Bankers of America, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Bankers Association re: #19 Motion for Injunction (Riney, Thomas) Modified title and linkage on 3/25/2024 (awc). |
Filing 72 ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFFS' UNOPPOSED MOTION TO FILE A CONSOLIDATED REPLY BRIEF NOT TO EXCEED 22 PAGES re: #71 Motion. The Court permits Plaintiffs to be afforded two additional pages for their Reply in Support of the Motion for Preliminary Injunction not to exceed 22 pages. (Ordered by Magistrate Judge Lee Ann Reno on 3/22/2024) (nht) |
Filing 71 MOTION Two Additional Pages to Reply In Support of Preliminary Injunction Motion filed by Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Independent Community Bankers of America, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Bankers Association (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 70 NOTICE of Supplemental Rulemaking filed by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Martin Gruenberg, Michael J Hsu, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Jerome Powell (Walker, Ashley) |
Filing 69 ORDER granting #61 Application for Admission Pro Hac Vice of Braden G. Currey. Important Reminder: Unless excused for cause, an attorney who is not an ECF user must register within 14 days of the date the attorney appears in a case pursuant to LR 5.1(f) and LCrR 49.2(g). (Ordered by Judge Matthew J. Kacsmaryk on 3/13/2024) (nht) |
Filing 68 Appendix in Support filed by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Martin Gruenberg, Michael J Hsu, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Jerome Powell re #66 Response/Objection, #67 Brief/Memorandum in Support of Motion, (Chadwick, Joshua) |
Filing 67 Brief/Memorandum in Support filed by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Martin Gruenberg, Michael J Hsu, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Jerome Powell re #66 Response/Objection, (Chadwick, Joshua) |
Filing 66 RESPONSE filed by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Martin Gruenberg, Michael J Hsu, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Jerome Powell re: #19 MOTION for Injunction (Chadwick, Joshua) |
Filing 65 CERTIFICATE OF INTERESTED PERSONS/DISCLOSURE STATEMENT by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Jerome Powell. (Clerk QC note: No affiliate entered in ECF). (Chadwick, Joshua) |
Filing 64 CERTIFICATE OF INTERESTED PERSONS/DISCLOSURE STATEMENT by Michael J Hsu, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. (Clerk QC note: No affiliate entered in ECF). (Walker, Ashley) |
Filing 63 ORDER granting #62 DEFENDANTS' UNOPPOSED MOTION TO FILE A CONSOLIDATED BRIEF IN EXCESS OF PAGE LIMIT: The Court permits the Defendants to file a consolidated brief in opposition not to exceed 40 pages. Likewise, the Court permits Plaintiffs to file a consolidated reply brief not to exceed 20 pages. (Ordered by Magistrate Judge Lee Ann Reno on 3/6/2024) (cmk) |
Filing 62 MOTION Joint Motion to Exceed Page Limits Prescribed by Local Rule filed by Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Martin Gruenberg (Attachments: #1 Proposed Order) (Dober, Andrew) |
Filing 61 Application for Admission Pro Hac Vice with Certificate of Good Standing for Attorney Braden G. Currey (Filing fee $100; Receipt number ATXNDC-14440736) filed by Amarillo Chamber of Commerce, American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of The United States of America, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Independent Community Bankers of America, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Bankers Association (Riney, Thomas) (Main Document 61 replaced with flattened document on 3/6/2024) (awc). |
Filing 60 ORDER GRANTING UNOPPOSED MOTION TO WITHDRAW AS ATTORNEY re: #59 Motion to Withdraw as Attorney. Attorney George M Padis-DOJ terminated (Ordered by Magistrate Judge Lee Ann Reno on 2/29/2024) (nht) |
Filing 59 Unopposed MOTION to Withdraw as Attorney filed by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Martin Gruenberg, Michael J Hsu, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Jerome Powell (Padis-DOJ, George) |
Filing 58 SUMMONS Returned Executed as to Jerome Powell ; served on 2/26/2024. (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 57 SUMMONS Returned Executed as to Martin Gruenberg ; served on 2/26/2024. (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 56 SUMMONS Returned Executed as to Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ; served on 2/26/2024. (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 55 ORDER GRANTING MOTION TO PROCEED WITHOUT LOCAL COUNSEL re: #51 Motion (Ordered by Magistrate Judge Lee Ann Reno on 2/27/2024) (nht) |
Filing 54 STANDING ORDERS: This case is subject to the following standing orders, which concern: (1) compliance with the local counsel requirements of the Northern District of Texas; (2) required procedures for any discovery disputes that may arise in this case; and (3) required procedures for any motions for leave to file documents under seal. (Ordered by Magistrate Judge Lee Ann Reno on 2/27/2024) (mcrd) |
Filing 53 CERTIFICATE OF INTERESTED PERSONS/DISCLOSURE STATEMENT by Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Martin Gruenberg. (Clerk QC note: No affiliate entered in ECF). (Smith, Herbert) |
Filing 52 Certificate Regarding Judge-Specific Requirements. (Smith, Herbert) |
Filing 51 MOTION Waiver of Local Counsel Requirement filed by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Martin Gruenberg, Michael J Hsu, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Jerome Powell (Attachments: #1 Proposed Order) (Dober, Andrew) |
Filing 50 ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANTS' MOTION TO EXTEND DEADLINE TO RESPOND re: #43 Motion to Extend Time to File Response/Reply. Defendants shall file a response to Plaintiffs' Motion for a Preliminary Injunction (ECF 19) on or before March 8, 2024. (Ordered by Magistrate Judge Lee Ann Reno on 2/26/2024) (nht) |
Filing 49 NOTICE of Attorney Appearance by Nicholas Jabbour on behalf of Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Jerome Powell. (Filer confirms contact info in ECF is current.) (Jabbour, Nicholas) |
Filing 48 NOTICE of Attorney Appearance by Joshua Paul Chadwick on behalf of Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Jerome Powell. (Filer confirms contact info in ECF is current.) (Chadwick, Joshua) |
Filing 47 NOTICE of Attorney Appearance by Ashley Wilcox Walker on behalf of Michael J Hsu, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. (Filer confirms contact info in ECF is current.) (Walker, Ashley) |
Filing 46 NOTICE of Attorney Appearance by Peter Chadwell Koch on behalf of Michael J Hsu, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. (Filer confirms contact info in ECF is current.) (Koch, Peter) |
Filing 45 NOTICE of Attorney Appearance by Andrew Dober for Andrew Dober and Herbert Smith on behalf of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Martin Gruenberg. (Dober, Andrew) |
Filing 44 STANDING ORDER OF REFERENCE to Magistrate Judge Lee Ann Reno. (Ordered by Judge Matthew J. Kacsmaryk on 2/22/2024) (cmk) |
Filing 43 MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply to #20 Brief/Memorandum in Support of Motion, #19 MOTION for Injunction filed by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Martin Gruenberg, Michael J Hsu, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Jerome Powell (Padis-DOJ, George) |
Filing 42 NOTICE of Attorney Appearance by George M Padis-DOJ on behalf of Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Martin Gruenberg, Michael J Hsu, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Jerome Powell. (Filer confirms contact info in ECF is current.) (Padis-DOJ, George) |
Filing 41 SUMMONS Returned Executed as to Martin Gruenberg ; served on 2/15/2024. (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 40 SUMMONS Returned Executed as to Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ; served on 2/15/2024. (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 39 SUMMONS Returned Executed as to Jerome Powell ; served on 2/15/2024. (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 38 SUMMONS Returned Executed as to Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ; served on 2/14/2024. (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 37 SUMMONS Returned Executed as to Michael J Hsu ; served on 2/14/2024. (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 36 SUMMONS Returned Executed as to Martin Gruenberg ; served on 2/9/2024. (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 35 SUMMONS Returned Executed as to Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ; served on 2/9/2024. (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 34 SUMMONS Returned Executed as to Michael J Hsu ; served on 2/12/2024. (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 33 SUMMONS Returned Executed as to Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ; served on 2/12/2024. (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 32 SUMMONS Returned Executed as to Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ; served on 2/13/2024. (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 31 SUMMONS Returned Executed as to Jerome Powell ; served on 2/12/2024. (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 30 SUMMONS Returned Executed as to Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ; served on 2/12/2024. (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 29 SUMMONS Returned Executed as to Jerome Powell ; served on 2/8/2024. (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 28 SUMMONS Returned Executed as to Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ; served on 2/8/2024. (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 27 SUMMONS Returned Executed as to Michael J Hsu ; served on 2/8/2024. (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 26 SUMMONS Returned Executed as to Martin Gruenberg ; served on 2/8/2024. (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 25 SUMMONS Returned Executed as to Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ; served on 2/8/2024. (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 24 SUMMONS Returned Executed as to Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ; served on 2/8/2024. (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 23 ORDER granting #17 , #22 Application for Admission Pro Hac Vice. Important Reminder: Unless excused for cause, an attorney who is not an ECF user must register within 14 days of the date the attorney appears in a case pursuant to LR 5.1(f) and LCrR 49.2(g). (Ordered by Judge Matthew J. Kacsmaryk on 2/12/2024) (nht) |
***Clerk's Notice of delivery: (see NEF for details) Docket No:23. Mon Feb 12 14:54:07 CST 2024 (crt) |
Filing 22 Application for Admission Pro Hac Vice with Certificate of Good Standing for Attorney Jesse T. Smallwood (Clerk Note: Filer states no fee is to be collected due to prior payment or waiver by MO 16 or prior order.) filed by Amarillo Chamber of Commerce, American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of The United States of America, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Independent Community Bankers of America, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Bankers Association (Attachments: #1 Proposed Order) (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 21 Appendix in Support filed by Amarillo Chamber of Commerce, American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of The United States of America, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Independent Community Bankers of America, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Bankers Association re #19 MOTION for Injunction (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 20 Brief/Memorandum in Support filed by Amarillo Chamber of Commerce, American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of The United States of America, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Independent Community Bankers of America, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Bankers Association re #19 MOTION for Injunction (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 19 MOTION for Injunction filed by Amarillo Chamber of Commerce, American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of The United States of America, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Independent Community Bankers of America, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Bankers Association (Attachments: #1 Proposed Order) (Riney, Thomas) |
Filing 18 ORDER granting #6 , #7 , #8 , #9 , #10 , #11 , #13 , #14 Application for Admission Pro Hac Vice. Important Reminder: Unless excused for cause, an attorney who is not an ECF user must register within 14 days of the date the attorney appears in a case pursuant to LR 5.1(f) and LCrR 49.2(g). (Ordered by Judge Matthew J. Kacsmaryk on 2/9/2024) (nht) |
***Clerk's Notice of delivery: (see NEF for details) Docket No:18. Fri Feb 9 15:44:14 CST 2024 (crt) |
***Clerk's Notice of delivery: (see NEF for details) Docket No:18. Fri Feb 9 15:44:16 CST 2024 (crt) |
Filing 17 Application for Admission Pro Hac Vice with Certificate of Good Standing for Attorney Richard A. Olderman (Filing fee $100; Receipt number ATXNDC-14375075) filed by Amarillo Chamber of Commerce, American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of The United States of America, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Independent Community Bankers of America, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Bankers Association (Attachments: #1 Proposed Order) (Riney, Thomas) (Main Document 17 replaced with flattened document on 2/8/2024) (awc). (Attachment 1 replaced with flattened document on 2/8/2024) (awc). |
Filing 16 Summons issued as to Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Martin Gruenberg, Michael J Hsu, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Jerome Powell, U.S. Attorney, and U.S. Attorney General. (nht) (Main Document 16 replaced on 2/7/2024) (nht). |
Filing 15 New Case Notes: A filing fee has been paid. Pursuant to Misc. Order 6, Plaintiff is provided the Notice of Right to Consent to Proceed Before A U.S. Magistrate Judge (No magistrate judge assigned). Clerk to provide copy to plaintiff if not received electronically. (nht) |
Filing 14 Application for Admission Pro Hac Vice with Certificate of Good Standing for Attorney Alexander C. Gaudio (Filing fee $100; Receipt number ATXNDC-14370103) filed by Amarillo Chamber of Commerce, American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of The United States of America, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Independent Community Bankers of America, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Bankers Association (Riney, Thomas) (Main Document 14 replaced with flattened document on 2/7/2024) (awc). |
Filing 13 Application for Admission Pro Hac Vice with Certificate of Good Standing for Attorney Andrew Raymond Doersam (Filing fee $100; Receipt number ATXNDC-14370064) filed by Amarillo Chamber of Commerce, American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of The United States of America, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Independent Community Bankers of America, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Bankers Association (Riney, Thomas) (Main Document 13 replaced with flattened document on 2/7/2024) (awc). |
Filing 12 Application for Admission Pro Hac Vice with Certificate of Good Standing for Attorney Jesse T. Smallwood (Filing fee $100; Receipt number ATXNDC-14370031) filed by Amarillo Chamber of Commerce, American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of The United States of America, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Independent Community Bankers of America, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Bankers Association (Riney, Thomas) (Main Document 12 replaced with flattened document on 2/7/2024) (awc). |
Filing 11 Application for Admission Pro Hac Vice with Certificate of Good Standing for Attorney Ryan Scarborough (Filing fee $100; Receipt number ATXNDC-14370006) filed by Amarillo Chamber of Commerce, American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of The United States of America, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Independent Community Bankers of America, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Bankers Association (Riney, Thomas) (Main Document 11 replaced with flattened document on 2/7/2024) (awc). |
Filing 10 Application for Admission Pro Hac Vice with Certificate of Good Standing for Attorney Thomas J. Pinder (Filing fee $100; Receipt number ATXNDC-14369979) filed by Amarillo Chamber of Commerce, American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of The United States of America, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Independent Community Bankers of America, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Bankers Association (Riney, Thomas) (Main Document 10 replaced with flattened document on 2/7/2024) (awc). |
Filing 9 Application for Admission Pro Hac Vice with Certificate of Good Standing for Attorney William R. Murray, Jr. (Filing fee $100; Receipt number ATXNDC-14369953) filed by Amarillo Chamber of Commerce, American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of The United States of America, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Independent Community Bankers of America, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Bankers Association (Riney, Thomas) (Main Document 9 replaced with flattened document on 2/7/2024) (awc). |
Filing 8 Application for Admission Pro Hac Vice with Certificate of Good Standing for Attorney Maria C. Monaghan (Filing fee $100; Receipt number ATXNDC-14369901) filed by Amarillo Chamber of Commerce, American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of The United States of America, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Independent Community Bankers of America, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Bankers Association (Riney, Thomas) (Main Document 8 replaced with flattened document on 2/7/2024) (cmk). |
Filing 7 Application for Admission Pro Hac Vice with Certificate of Good Standing for Attorney Jennifer B. Dickey (Filing fee $100; Receipt number ATXNDC-14369834) filed by Amarillo Chamber of Commerce, American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of The United States of America, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Independent Community Bankers of America, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Bankers Association (Riney, Thomas) (Main Document 7 replaced with flattened document on 2/7/2024) (cmk). |
Filing 6 Application for Admission Pro Hac Vice with Certificate of Good Standing for Attorney Armani Jamal Madison (Filing fee $100; Receipt number ATXNDC-14369675) filed by Amarillo Chamber of Commerce, American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of The United States of America, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Independent Community Bankers of America, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Bankers Association (Riney, Thomas) (Main Document 6 replaced with flattened document on 2/7/2024) (cmk). |
Filing 5 Certificate Regarding Judge-Specific Requirements. (Elza, Slater) |
Filing 4 COMPLAINT against All Defendants filed by American Bankers Association, Amarillo Chamber of Commerce, Texas Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of The United States of America, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Independent Community Bankers of America, Longview Chamber of Commerce. (Filer fee note- Clerk to add prior fee payment info here.) Clerk to issue summons(es). In each Notice of Electronic Filing, the judge assignment is indicated, and a link to the # Judges Copy Requirements and # Judge Specific Requirements is provided. The court reminds the filer that any required copy of this and future documents must be delivered to the judge, in the manner prescribed, within three business days of filing. Unless exempted, attorneys who are not admitted to practice in the Northern District of Texas must seek admission promptly. Forms, instructions, and exemption information may be found at www.txnd.uscourts.gov, or by clicking here: # Attorney Information - Bar Membership. If admission requirements are not satisfied within 21 days, the clerk will notify the presiding judge. (Elza, Slater) |
Filing 3 ADDITIONAL ATTACHMENTS to #1 Complaint,,,,, by Plaintiffs Amarillo Chamber of Commerce, American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of The United States of America, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Independent Community Bankers of America, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Bankers Association. (Elza, Slater) (Main Document 3 replaced with flattened pdf on 2/7/2024) (nht). |
Filing 2 CERTIFICATE OF INTERESTED PERSONS/DISCLOSURE STATEMENT by Amarillo Chamber of Commerce, American Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of The United States of America, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Independent Community Bankers of America, Longview Chamber of Commerce, Texas Bankers Association. (Clerk QC note: No affiliate entered in ECF). (Elza, Slater) (Main Document 2 replaced with flattened pdf on 2/7/2024) (nht). |
Filing 1 **DISREGARD - Refiled as #4 ** COMPLAINT against All Defendants filed by American Bankers Association, Amarillo Chamber of Commerce, Texas Bankers Association, Chamber of Commerce of The United States of America, Independent Bankers Association of Texas, Independent Community Bankers of America, Longview Chamber of Commerce. (Filing fee $405; Receipt number BTXNDC-14367346) Clerk to issue summons(es). In each Notice of Electronic Filing, the judge assignment is indicated, and a link to the # Judges Copy Requirements and # Judge Specific Requirements is provided. The court reminds the filer that any required copy of this and future documents must be delivered to the judge, in the manner prescribed, within three business days of filing. Unless exempted, attorneys who are not admitted to practice in the Northern District of Texas must seek admission promptly. Forms, instructions, and exemption information may be found at www.txnd.uscourts.gov, or by clicking here: # Attorney Information - Bar Membership. If admission requirements are not satisfied within 21 days, the clerk will notify the presiding judge. (Elza, Slater) Modified on 2/5/2024 (nht). |
Access additional case information on PACER
Use the links below to access additional information about this case on the US Court's PACER system. A subscription to PACER is required.
Access this case on the Texas Northern District Court's Electronic Court Filings (ECF) System
- Search for Party Aliases
- Associated Cases
- Attorneys
- Case File Location
- Case Summary
- Docket Report
- History/Documents
- Parties
- Related Transactions
- Check Status
Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.